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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 16044-16049, May 26, 2000

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Nuclear NonO/p54^nrb Protein Is a Nonclassical Carbonic Anhydrase^*

Pepe Karhumaa^§, Seppo Parkkila^¶, Abdul Waheed, Anna-Kaisa Parkkila^**, Kari Kaunisto, Philip W. Tucker, Ching-Jung Huang, William S. Sly, and Hannu Rajaniemi

From the Departments of  Anatomy and Cell Biology, ^¶ Clinical Chemistry, and ^** Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014 Finland,  Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, and  Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712

The growing carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene family includes 11 enzymatically active isozymes in mammals. Each of them has a characteristic cellular and subcellular distribution pattern. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time a nuclear protein with CA activity. A polypeptide recognized by CA II antibodies was purified from several rat tissues using CA inhibitor affinity chromatography. This polypeptide of apparent 66 kDa mass was characterized using amino acid sequencing and CA activity measurements. It appeared to be identical to nonO/p54^nrb, a previously cloned and characterized RNA and DNA binding nuclear factor. Recombinant nonO generated in baculovirus bound to the CA inhibitor affinity chromatography matrix and revealed detectable CA activity (25 units/mg). Hansson's histochemical staining of rat lymph nodes followed by light and electron microscopy showed nuclear CA activity in lymphocytes, suggesting that the nuclear nonO protein is catalytically active in vivo. These results demonstrate that a previously known transcription factor is a novel, nonclassical CA. Through its CA activity, the nonO may function in the maintenance of pH homeostasis in the nucleus.

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