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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 21, 16382-16389, May 26, 2000

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Human Ca²⁺ Receptor Cysteine-rich Domain
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTION OF MUTANT AND CHIMERIC RECEPTORS^*

Jianxin Hu, Omar Hauache, and Allen M. Spiegel

From the Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

The 612-residue extracellular domain of the human Ca²⁺ receptor (hCaR) has been speculated to consist of a Venus's-flytrap domain (VFT) and a cysteine-rich domain. We studied the function of the hCaR Cys-rich domain by using mutagenesis and chimera approaches. A chimeric hCaR with the sequence from residues 540-601 replaced by the corresponding sequence from the Fugu CaR remained fully functional. Another chimeric hCaR with the same region of sequence replaced by the corresponding sequence from metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) still was activated by extracellular Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_o), but its function was severely compromised. Chimeric receptors with the hCaR VFT and mGluR1 seven-transmembrane domain plus C-tail domain retained good response to [Ca²⁺]_o whether the Cys-rich domain was from hCaR or from mGluR1. Mutant hCaR with the Cys-rich domain deleted failed to respond to [Ca²⁺]_o, although it was expressed at the cell surface and capable of dimerization. Our results indicate that the hCaR Cys-rich domain plays a critical role in signal transmission from VFT to seven-transmembrane domain. This domain tolerates a significant degree of amino acid substitution and may not be directly involved in the binding of [Ca²⁺]_o.

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