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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 22, 16602-16608, June 2, 2000
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From the Cell cycle growth arrest is an important cellular
response to genotoxic stress. Gadd45, a p53-regulated stress protein,
plays an important role in the cell cycle G2-M
checkpoint following exposure to certain types of DNA-damaging agents
such as UV radiation and methylmethane sulfonate. Recent findings
indicate that Gadd45 interacts with Cdc2 protein and inhibits Cdc2
kinase activity. In the present study, a series of Myc-tagged Gadd45
deletion mutants and a Gadd45 overlapping peptide library were used to
define the Gadd45 domains that are involved in the interaction of
Gadd45 with Cdc2. Both in vitro and in vivo
studies indicate that the interaction of Gadd45 with Cdc2 involves a
central region of the Gadd45 protein (amino acids 65-84). The
Cdc2-binding domain of Gadd45 is also required for Gadd45 inhibition of
Cdc2 kinase activity. Sequence analysis of the central Gadd45 region
reveals no homology to inhibitory motifs of known
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, indicating that the
Cdc2-binding and -inhibitory domains on Gadd45 are a novel motif. The
peptide containing the Cdc2-binding domain (amino acids 65-84)
disrupted the Cdc2-cyclin B1 protein complex, suggesting that
dissociation of this complex results from a direct interaction between
the Gadd45 and Cdc2 proteins. GADD45-induced cell cycle
G2-M arrest was abolished when its Cdc2 binding motif was
disrupted. Importantly, a short term survival assay demonstrated that
GADD45-induced cell cycle G2-M arrest
correlates with GADD45-mediated growth suppression. These
findings indicate that the cell cycle G2-M growth arrest
mediated by GADD45 is one of the major mechanisms by which
GADD45 suppresses cell growth.
The GADD45 Inhibition of Cdc2 Kinase Correlates
with GADD45-mediated Growth Suppression*
,
,
,
,
,
,
Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh
Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and the § Gene Response
Section and ¶ Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Basic
Sciences, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892
*
This work was supported in part by grant CA83874 from the
National Institutes of Health (to Q. Z.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Radiation
Oncology, Pittsburgh Cancer Inst., University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Tel.: 412-648-8630; Fax: 412-624-0295;
E-mail: Qzhan@pitt.edu.
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