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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 22, 16666-16672, June 2, 2000
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From the Metastatic cancer cells, like trophoblasts of the
developing placenta, are invasive and must escape immune surveillance
to survive. Complement has long been thought to play a significant role
in the tumor surveillance mechanism. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and
osteopontin (OPN, ETA-1) are expressed by trophoblasts and are strongly
up-regulated by many tumors. Indeed, BSP has been shown to be a
positive indicator of the invasive potential of some tumors. In this
report, we show that BSP and OPN form rapid and tight complexes with
complement Factor H. Besides its key role in regulating
complement-mediated cell lysis, Factor H also appears to play a role
when "hijacked" by invading organisms in enabling cellular evasion
of complement. We have investigated whether BSP and OPN may play a
similar role in tumor cell complement evasion by testing to see whether
these glycoproteins could promote tumor cell survival. Recombinant OPN
and BSP can protect murine erythroleukemia cells from attack by human
complement as well as human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and U-266 myeloma
cells from attack by guinea pig complement. The mechanism of this gain
of function by tumor cell expression of BSP or OPN has been defined using specific peptides and antibodies to block BSP and OPN protective activity. The expression of BSP and OPN in tumor cells provides a
selective advantage for survival via initial binding to
Factor H Binding to Bone Sialoprotein and Osteopontin Enables
Tumor Cell Evasion of Complement-mediated Attack*
§,
Division of Geriatrics, Department of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 and the
¶ Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4320
V
3 integrin (both) or CD44 (OPN) on
the cell surface, followed by sequestration of Factor H to the cell
surface and inhibition of complement-mediated cell lysis.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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