|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 27, 20260-20267, July 7, 2000
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From the Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Gary, Indiana 46408
It is widely believed that the cytokines tumor
necrosis factor (TNF)-
Chemokines Are the Main Proinflammatory Mediators in Human
Monocytes Activated by Staphylococcus aureus,
Peptidoglycan, and Endotoxin*
, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 are the main
proinflammatory mediators induced in the host by bacteria and their
cell wall components. To test this hypothesis, we compared the level of expression of 600 genes activated in human monocytes by
Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan, endotoxin, and
interferon-
. These stimulants induced expression of over 120 genes,
as identified by cDNA arrays. The highest activated genes for
proinflammatory mediators induced by all three bacterial stimulants
were chemokine genes (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein
(MIP)-1), whereas cytokine genes (TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6) were
induced to a lower extent. Genes for other chemokines (MIP-2,
MIP-1
, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were also induced
higher than the cytokine genes by peptidoglycan, and as high or higher
than the cytokine genes by S. aureus and endotoxin. This
high induction of chemokine genes was confirmed by quantitative RNase
protection assay, and high secretion of chemokines was confirmed by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although genes for chemokines were
the highest and genes for cytokines were the second highest induced
genes by all three bacterial stimulants, each stimulus induced a unique
pattern of gene expression. By contrast, expression of a completely
different gene pattern was induced by a nonbacterial stimulus,
interferon-. These results establish chemokines as the main
mediators induced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and
are consistent with the highly inflammatory nature of bacterial infections.
*
This work was supported by United States Public Health
Service National Institutes of Health Grant AI2879.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Northwest Center for
Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408. Tel.: 219-980-6535; Fax: 219-980-6566; E-mail: rdziar@iunhaw1.iun.indiana.edu.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. L. Marro, C. Peiro, C. M. Panayiotou, R. S. Baliga, S. Meurer, H. H. H. W. Schmidt, and A. J. Hobbs Characterization of the Human {alpha}1{beta}1 Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Promoter: KEY ROLE FOR NF-{kappa}B(p50) AND CCAAT-BINDING FACTORS IN REGULATING EXPRESSION OF THE NITRIC OXIDE RECEPTOR J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2008; 283(29): 20027 - 20036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-P. Bonnet, H. Beloeil, D. Benhamou, J.-X. Mazoit, and K. Asehnoune The {micro} Opioid Receptor Mediates Morphine-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-6 Inhibition in Toll-Like Receptor 2-Stimulated Monocytes Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2008; 106(4): 1142 - 1149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.K. Gupta, K. Nath, A. Prasad, K.N. Prasad, M. Husain, R.K.S. Rathore, N. Husain, C. Srivastava, P. Khetan, R. Trivedi, et al. In Vivo Demonstration of Neuroinflammatory Molecule Expression in Brain Abscess with Diffusion Tensor Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2008; 29(2): 326 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. D. Post A New Era in Neuroradiology: Ex Vivo Validation of In Vivo Imaging Research AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2008; 29(2): 212 - 213. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. H. Zhang, S. Basu, F. Wu, C. G. Begley, C. J. M. Saris, A. R. Dunn, A. W. Burgess, and F. Walker Macrophage-colony stimulating factor is required for the production of neutrophil-promoting activity by mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in G-CSF and GM-CSF J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2007; 82(4): 915 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. V. Smith, M. J. Lee, A. S. Islam, J. L. Rohrer, V. M. Goldberg, M. A. Beidelschies, and E. M. Greenfield Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Production in Response to Titanium Particles in Vitro J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., May 1, 2007; 89(5): 1019 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Visser, M.-J. Melief, D. van Riel, M. van Meurs, E. A. Sick, S. Inamura, J. J. Bajramovic, S. Amor, R. Q. Hintzen, L. A. Boven, et al. Phagocytes Containing a Disease-Promoting Toll-Like Receptor/Nod Ligand Are Present in the Brain during Demyelinating Disease in Primates Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2006; 169(5): 1671 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Bauer, J. Parvizi, N. Kobayashi, and V. Krebs Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., April 1, 2006; 88(4): 869 - 882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Lu, M. Wang, J. Qi, H. Wang, X. Li, D. Gupta, and R. Dziarski Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are a New Class of Human Bactericidal Proteins J. Biol. Chem., March 3, 2006; 281(9): 5895 - 5907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Wang, D. Gupta, X. Li, and R. Dziarski Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 (N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-Ala Amidase) Is Induced in Keratinocytes by Bacteria through the p38 Kinase Pathway Infect. Immun., November 1, 2005; 73(11): 7216 - 7225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Hadley, J. E. Wang, S. J. Foster, C. Thiemermann, and C. J. Hinds Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus Upregulates Monocyte Expression of CD14, Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in Human Blood: Possible Implications for Priming of Lipopolysaccharide Signaling Infect. Immun., November 1, 2005; 73(11): 7613 - 7619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Fournier and D. J. Philpott Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the Innate Immune System Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2005; 18(3): 521 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Visser, H. Jan de Heer, L. A. Boven, D. van Riel, M. van Meurs, M.-J. Melief, U. Zahringer, J. van Strijp, B. N. Lambrecht, E. E. Nieuwenhuis, et al. Proinflammatory Bacterial Peptidoglycan as a Cofactor for the Development of Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 808 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. N. Ledger, P. Pinton, D. Bourges, P. Roumi, H. Salmon, and I. P. Oswald Development of a Macroarray To Specifically Analyze Immunological Gene Expression in Swine Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2004; 11(4): 691 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Theilgaard-Monch, S. Knudsen, P. Follin, and N. Borregaard The Transcriptional Activation Program of Human Neutrophils in Skin Lesions Supports Their Important Role in Wound Healing J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7684 - 7693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. G. Ma, M. Y. Cho, M. Zhao, J. W. Park, M. Matsushita, T. Fujita, and B. L. Lee Human Mannose-binding Lectin and L-Ficolin Function as Specific Pattern Recognition Proteins in the Lectin Activation Pathway of Complement J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25307 - 25312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Chang, J.-C. Kang, M.-J. Hsu, J.-R. Sheu, T.-L. Chen, C.-M. Teng, and C.-H. Lin Peptidoglycan Induces Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression via Ras, Raf-1, and ERK in RAW 264.7 Macrophages J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20889 - 20897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Harrison, W. C. E. van Haaften, and V. L. Tesh Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Shiga Toxin 1 and/or Lipopolysaccharides in the Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Infect. Immun., May 1, 2004; 72(5): 2618 - 2627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Parker, M. K. B. Whyte, S. N. Vogel, S. K. Dower, and I. Sabroe Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 Agonists Regulate CCR Expression in Human Monocytic Cells J. Immunol., April 15, 2004; 172(8): 4977 - 4986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. E. Rodriguez, H. K. Chang, and M. E. Wilson Novel Program of Macrophage Gene Expression Induced by Phagocytosis of Leishmania chagasi Infect. Immun., April 1, 2004; 72(4): 2111 - 2122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Begum, K. Ishii, M. Kurita-Taniguchi, M. Tanabe, M. Kobayashi, Y. Moriwaki, M. Matsumoto, Y. Fukumori, I. Azuma, K. Toyoshima, et al. Mycobacterium bovis BCG Cell Wall-Specific Differentially Expressed Genes Identified by Differential Display and cDNA Subtraction in Human Macrophages Infect. Immun., February 1, 2004; 72(2): 937 - 948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pierer, J. Rethage, R. Seibl, R. Lauener, F. Brentano, U. Wagner, H. Hantzschel, B. A. Michel, R. E. Gay, S. Gay, et al. Chemokine Secretion of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts Stimulated by Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands J. Immunol., January 15, 2004; 172(2): 1256 - 1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-S. W. Moller, R. Ovstebo, A.-B. Westvik, G. B. Joo, K.-B. F. Haug, and P. Kierulf Effects of bacterial cell wall components (PAMPs) on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1{alpha} (MIP-1{alpha}) and the chemokine receptor CCR2 by purified human blood monocytes Innate Immunity, December 1, 2003; 9(6): 349 - 360. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Feezor, C. Oberholzer, H. V. Baker, D. Novick, M. Rubinstein, L. L. Moldawer, J. Pribble, S. Souza, C. A. Dinarello, W. Ertel, et al. Molecular Characterization of the Acute Inflammatory Response to Infections with Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Bacteria Infect. Immun., October 1, 2003; 71(10): 5803 - 5813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Veckman, M. Miettinen, S. Matikainen, R. Lande, E. Giacomini, E. M. Coccia, and I. Julkunen Lactobacilli and streptococci induce inflammatory chemokine production in human macrophages that stimulates Th1 cell chemotaxis J. Leukoc. Biol., September 1, 2003; 74(3): 395 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Dziarski, K. A. Platt, E. Gelius, H. Steiner, and D. Gupta Defect in neutrophil killing and increased susceptibility to infection with nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria in peptidoglycan recognition protein-S (PGRP-S)-deficient mice Blood, July 15, 2003; 102(2): 689 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Majcherczyk, E. Rubli, D. Heumann, M. P. Glauser, and P. Moreillon Teichoic Acids Are Not Required for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus Cell Walls To Trigger the Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor by Peripheral Blood Monocytes Infect. Immun., July 1, 2003; 71(7): 3707 - 3713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Silverstein and D. C. Johnson Endogenous versus exogenous glucocorticoid responses to experimental bacterial sepsis J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2003; 73(4): 417 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. D. Raykova, M. Glibetic, J. P. Ofenstein, and J. V. Aranda Nitric Oxide-Dependent Regulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Group B Streptococcal Inflammation of Rat Lung Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., January 1, 2003; 33(1): 62 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Maisey, G. Nardocci, M. Imarai, H. Cardenas, M. Rios, H. B. Croxatto, J. E. Heckels, M. Christodoulides, and L. A. Velasquez Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Receptors by Human Fallopian Tubes in Organ Culture following Challenge with Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infect. Immun., January 1, 2003; 71(1): 527 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Wolfert, T. F. Murray, G.-J. Boons, and J. N. Moore The Origin of the Synergistic Effect of Muramyl Dipeptide with Endotoxin and Peptidoglycan J. Biol. Chem., October 11, 2002; 277(42): 39179 - 39186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. MacKenzie, N. Fernandez-Troy, and E. Espel Post-transcriptional regulation of TNF-{alpha} during in vitro differentiation of human monocytes/macrophages in primary culture J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2002; 71(6): 1026 - 1032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. S. Carl, K. Brown-Steinke, M. J. H. Nicklin, and M. F. Smith Jr. Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) Agonists Differentially Regulate Secretory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Expression in Macrophages J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17448 - 17456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xu, R. Dziarski, Q. Wang, K. Swartz, K. M. Sakamoto, and D. Gupta Bacterial Peptidoglycan-Induced tnf-{alpha} Transcription Is Mediated Through the Transcription Factors Egr-1, Elk-1, and NF-{kappa}B J. Immunol., December 15, 2001; 167(12): 6975 - 6982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhang, M. Rimpilainen, and P. Toivanen Enzyme Degradation and Proinflammatory Activity in Arthritogenic and Nonarthritogenic Eubacterium aerofaciens Cell Walls Infect. Immun., December 1, 2001; 69(12): 7277 - 7284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Chensue Molecular Machinations: Chemokine Signals in Host-Pathogen Interactions Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2001; 14(4): 821 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Bahr, E. C. A. Darcissac, N. Casteran, C. Amiel, C. Cocude, M.-J. Truong, J. Dewulf, A. Capron, and Y. Mouton Selective Regulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected CD4+ Lymphocytes by a Synthetic Immunomodulator Leads to Potent Virus Suppression In Vitro and in hu-PBL-SCID Mice J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 6941 - 6952. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Wang, R. Dziarski, C. J. Kirschning, M. Muzio, and D. Gupta Micrococci and Peptidoglycan Activate TLR2{right-arrow}MyD88{right-arrow}IRAK{right-arrow}TRAF{right-arrow}NIK{right-arrow}IKK{right-arrow}NF-{kappa}B Signal Transduction Pathway That Induces Transcription of Interleukin-8 Infect. Immun., April 1, 2001; 69(4): 2270 - 2276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Krakauer Suppression of Endotoxin- and Staphylococcal Exotoxin-Induced Cytokines and Chemokines by a Phospholipase C Inhibitor in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Clin. Vaccine Immunol., March 1, 2001; 8(2): 449 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Coombes and J. B. Mahony cDNA Array Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells in Response to Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Infect. Immun., March 1, 2001; 69(3): 1420 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dziarski and D. Gupta Role of MD-2 in TLR2- and TLR4-mediated recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and activation of chemokine genes Innate Immunity, October 1, 2000; 6(5): 401 - 405. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dziarski, S. Viriyakosol, T. N. Kirkland, and D. Gupta Soluble CD14 Enhances Membrane CD14-Mediated Responses to Peptidoglycan: Structural Requirements Differ from Those for Responses to Lipopolysaccharide Infect. Immun., September 1, 2000; 68(9): 5254 - 5260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Liu, E. Gelius, G. Liu, H. Steiner, and R. Dziarski Mammalian Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein Binds Peptidoglycan with High Affinity, Is Expressed in Neutrophils, and Inhibits Bacterial Growth J. Biol. Chem., August 4, 2000; 275(32): 24490 - 24499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-G. Ko, H. Park, T. Kim, J.-W. Lee, S. G. Park, W. Seol, J. E. Kim, W.-H. Lee, S.-H. Kim, J.-E. Park, et al. A Cofactor of tRNA Synthetase, p43, Is Secreted to Up-regulate Proinflammatory Genes J. Biol. Chem., June 15, 2001; 276(25): 23028 - 23033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Liu, Z. Xu, D. Gupta, and R. Dziarski Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins. A NOVEL FAMILY OF FOUR HUMAN INNATE IMMUNITY PATTERN RECOGNITION MOLECULES J. Biol. Chem., September 7, 2001; 276(37): 34686 - 34694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| All ASBMB Journals | Molecular and Cellular Proteomics |
| Journal of Lipid Research | ASBMB Today |