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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M001077200 on April 28, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 27, 20474-20479, July 7, 2000
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Concentration-dependent Effects of Nitric Oxide on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Cytochrome c Release*

Paul S. BrookesDagger §, Emmanuel Padilla SalinasDagger ||, Kenta Darley-Usmar**, Jason P. Eiserich§**, Bruce A. Freeman§**Dagger Dagger , Victor M. Darley-UsmarDagger §§§, and Peter G. AndersonDagger §¶¶

From the Departments of Dagger  Pathology and ** Anesthesiology and the § Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and associated release of cytochrome c are thought to be important in the apoptotic process. Nitric oxide (NO·) has been reported to inhibit apoptosis by acting on a variety of extra-mitochondrial targets. The relationship between cytochrome c release and PTP opening, and the effects of NO· are not clearly established. Nitric oxide, S-nitrosothiols and peroxynitrite are reported to variously inhibit or promote PTP opening. In this study the effects of NO· on the PTP were characterized by exposing isolated rat liver mitochondria to physiological and pathological rates of NO· released from NONOate NO· donors. Nitric oxide reversibly inhibited PTP opening with an IC50 of 11 nM NO·/s, which can be readily achieved in vivo by NO· synthases. The mechanism involved mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibition of Ca2+ accumulation. At supraphysiological release rates (>2 µM/s) NO· accelerated PTP opening. Substantial cytochrome c release occurred with only a 20% change in mitochondrial swelling, was an early event in the PTP, and was also inhibited by NO·. Furthermore, NO· exposure resulted in significantly lower cytochrome c release for the same degree of PTP opening. It is proposed that this pathway represents an additional mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic effects of NO·.

* The University of Alabama at Birmingham mass spectrometry core facility is funded in part by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) instrumentation grant, by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and by a NCI, NIH, core research grant to the University of Alabama at Birmingham comprehensive cancer center.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship 9920144V.

|| Participant in the NASA SHARP plus program in the laboratories of V. M. D. U. and P. G. A.

Dagger Dagger Supported by NIH Grants RO1-HL64937, RO1-HL58115, and P6-HL58418.

§§ Supported by the American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, and NIH Grant RO1 58031.

¶¶ Supported by NIH Grants RO1-HL058895 and RO1-HL58209. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 205-9342414; Fax: 205-9341775; E-mail: pga@uab.edu.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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