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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M002068200 on May 1, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 28, 21210-21217, July 14, 2000
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CaV2.2 and CaV2.3 (N- and R-type) Ca2+ Channels in Depolarization-evoked Entry of Ca2+ into Mouse Sperm*

Gunther WennemuthDagger §, Ruth E. Westenbroek, Tao XuDagger , Bertil HilleDagger , and Donner F. BabcockDagger ||

From the Departments of Dagger  Physiology and Biophysics and  Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290

As sperm prepare for fertilization, surface Ca2+ channels must open to initiate required, Ca2+-mediated events. However, the molecular identity and functional properties of sperm Ca2+ channels remain uncertain. Here, we use rapid local perfusion and single-cell photometry to examine the kinetics of calcium responses of mouse sperm to depolarizing stimuli. The linear rise of intracellular [Ca2+] evoked by ~10-s applications of an alkaline high [K+] medium directly reports activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Little response occurs if external Ca2+ is removed or if external or internal pH is elevated without depolarization. Responses are inhibited 30-40% by 30-100 µM Ni2+ and more completely by 100-300 µM Cd2+. They resist the dihydropyridines nitrendipine and PN200-110, but 1-10 µM mibefradil inhibits reversibly. They also resist the venom toxins calciseptine, omega -conotoxin MVIIC, and kurtoxin, but omega -conotoxin GVIA (5 µM) inhibits ~50%. GVIA also partially blocks transient, low voltage activated Ca2+ currents of patch-clamped spermatids. Differential sensitivity of sperm responses to Ni2+ and Cd2+ and partial blockade by GVIA indicate that depolarization opens at least two types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in epididymal sperm examined prior to capacitation. Involvement of a previously undetected CaV2.2 (N-type) channel, suggested by the action of GVIA, is substantiated by immunodetection of Ca2+ channel alpha 1B subunits in sperm and sperm extracts. Resistance to dihydropyridines, calciseptine, MVIIC, and kurtoxin indicates that CaV1, CaV2.1, and CaV3 (L-, P/Q-, and T-type) channels contribute little to this evoked response. Partial sensitivity to 1 µM mibefradil and an enhanced sensitivity of the GVIA-resistant component of response to Ni2+ suggest participation of a CaV2.3 (R-type) channel specified by previously found alpha 1E subunits. Our examination of depolarization-evoked Ca2+ entry indicates that mature sperm possess a larger palette of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels than previously thought. Such diversity may permit specific responses to multiple cues encountered on the path to fertilization.


* This work was supported by the NICHD, National Institutes of Health through cooperative agreement U54-HD12629 as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction Research, the W. M. Keck Foundation, the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund, and Fellowship We 2344/1-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Present address: Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, D35037 Marburg, Germany.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Box 357290, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7290. Tel.: 206-543-6661; Fax: 206-685-0619; E-mail: donner@u.washington.edu.


Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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