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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M002068200 on May 1, 2000
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 28, 21210-21217, July 14, 2000
CaV2.2 and CaV2.3 (N- and R-type)
Ca2+ Channels in Depolarization-evoked Entry of
Ca2+ into Mouse Sperm*
Gunther
Wennemuth §,
Ruth E.
Westenbroek¶,
Tao
Xu ,
Bertil
Hille , and
Donner F.
Babcock
From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
¶ Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine,
Seattle, Washington 98195-7290
As sperm prepare for fertilization,
surface Ca2+ channels must open to initiate required,
Ca2+-mediated events. However, the molecular identity and
functional properties of sperm Ca2+ channels remain
uncertain. Here, we use rapid local perfusion and single-cell
photometry to examine the kinetics of calcium responses of mouse sperm
to depolarizing stimuli. The linear rise of intracellular
[Ca2+] evoked by ~10-s applications of an alkaline high
[K+] medium directly reports activity of voltage-gated
Ca2+ channels. Little response occurs if external
Ca2+ is removed or if external or internal pH is elevated
without depolarization. Responses are inhibited 30-40% by 30-100
µM Ni2+ and more completely by 100-300
µM Cd2+. They resist the dihydropyridines
nitrendipine and PN200-110, but 1-10 µM mibefradil
inhibits reversibly. They also resist the venom toxins calciseptine,
-conotoxin MVIIC, and kurtoxin, but -conotoxin GVIA (5 µM) inhibits ~50%. GVIA also partially blocks transient, low voltage activated Ca2+ currents of
patch-clamped spermatids. Differential sensitivity of sperm responses
to Ni2+ and Cd2+ and partial blockade by GVIA
indicate that depolarization opens at least two types of voltage-gated
Ca2+ channels in epididymal sperm examined prior to
capacitation. Involvement of a previously undetected CaV2.2
(N-type) channel, suggested by the action of GVIA, is substantiated by
immunodetection of Ca2+ channel 1B subunits
in sperm and sperm extracts. Resistance to dihydropyridines,
calciseptine, MVIIC, and kurtoxin indicates that CaV1,
CaV2.1, and CaV3 (L-, P/Q-, and T-type)
channels contribute little to this evoked response. Partial sensitivity
to 1 µM mibefradil and an enhanced sensitivity of the
GVIA-resistant component of response to Ni2+ suggest
participation of a CaV2.3 (R-type) channel specified by
previously found 1E subunits. Our examination of
depolarization-evoked Ca2+ entry indicates that mature
sperm possess a larger palette of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels than previously thought. Such diversity may permit specific responses to multiple cues encountered on the path to fertilization.
*
This work was supported by the NICHD, National Institutes of
Health through cooperative agreement U54-HD12629 as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction Research, the
W. M. Keck Foundation, the University of Washington Royalty Research
Fund, and Fellowship We 2344/1-1 from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§
Present address: Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps
University Marburg, D35037 Marburg, Germany.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Physiology and Biophysics, Box 357290, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195-7290. Tel.: 206-543-6661; Fax: 206-685-0619; E-mail: donner@u.washington.edu.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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