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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M000903200 on June 1, 2000
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 33, 25465-25470, August 18, 2000
Mitochondria Shape Hormonally Induced Cytoplasmic Calcium
Oscillations and Modulate Exocytosis*
Edward J.
Kaftan §,
Tao
Xu ,
Ronald F.
Abercrombie¶, and
Bertil
Hille
From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290 and the
¶ Department of Physiology, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Pituitary gonadotropes transduce hormonal input
into cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt)
oscillations that drive rhythmic exocytosis of gonadotropins. Using
Calcium Green-1 and rhod-2 as optical measures of cytoplasmic and
mitochondrial free Ca2+, we show that mitochondria
sequester Ca2+ and tune the frequency of
[Ca2+]cyt oscillations in rat gonadotropes.
Mitochondria accumulated Ca2+ rapidly and in phase with
elevations of [Ca2+]cyt after GnRH
stimulation or membrane depolarization. Inhibiting mitochondrial
Ca2+ uptake by the protonophore CCCP reduced the frequency
of GnRH-induced [Ca2+]cyt oscillations or,
occasionally, stopped them. Much of the Ca2+ that entered
mitochondria is bound by intramitochondrial Ca2+ buffering
systems. The mitochondrial Ca2+ binding ratio may be
dynamic because [Ca2+]mit appeared to reach a
plateau as mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation continued. Entry
of Ca2+ into mitochondria was associated with a small drop
in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Ca2+ was extruded
from mitochondria more slowly than it entered, and much of this efflux
could be blocked by CGP-37157, a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial
Na+-Ca2+ exchange. Plasma membrane capacitance
changes in response to depolarizing voltage trains were increased when
CCCP was added, showing that mitochondria lower the local
[Ca2+]cyt near sites that trigger exocytosis.
Thus, we demonstrate a central role for mitochondria in a significant
physiological response.
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grant AR17803, by Cooperative Agreement U54 HD12629 (as part of
the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproductive Research),
and by funds from the the W. M. Keck Foundation.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§
Supported by a fellowship from the Lalor Foundation and by National
Institutes of Health Training Grant 2T32HD07453. To whom correspondence
should be addressed: G-424 Health Sciences Bldg., Dept. of Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7290. Tel.:
206-543-6661; Fax: 206-685-0619; E-mail:
kaftan@patchclamp.com.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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