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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M000903200 on June 1, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 33, 25465-25470, August 18, 2000
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Mitochondria Shape Hormonally Induced Cytoplasmic Calcium Oscillations and Modulate Exocytosis*

Edward J. KaftanDagger §, Tao XuDagger , Ronald F. Abercrombie, and Bertil HilleDagger

From the Dagger  Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290 and the  Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

Pituitary gonadotropes transduce hormonal input into cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) oscillations that drive rhythmic exocytosis of gonadotropins. Using Calcium Green-1 and rhod-2 as optical measures of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial free Ca2+, we show that mitochondria sequester Ca2+ and tune the frequency of [Ca2+]cyt oscillations in rat gonadotropes. Mitochondria accumulated Ca2+ rapidly and in phase with elevations of [Ca2+]cyt after GnRH stimulation or membrane depolarization. Inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the protonophore CCCP reduced the frequency of GnRH-induced [Ca2+]cyt oscillations or, occasionally, stopped them. Much of the Ca2+ that entered mitochondria is bound by intramitochondrial Ca2+ buffering systems. The mitochondrial Ca2+ binding ratio may be dynamic because [Ca2+]mit appeared to reach a plateau as mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation continued. Entry of Ca2+ into mitochondria was associated with a small drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Ca2+ was extruded from mitochondria more slowly than it entered, and much of this efflux could be blocked by CGP-37157, a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchange. Plasma membrane capacitance changes in response to depolarizing voltage trains were increased when CCCP was added, showing that mitochondria lower the local [Ca2+]cyt near sites that trigger exocytosis. Thus, we demonstrate a central role for mitochondria in a significant physiological response.


* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant AR17803, by Cooperative Agreement U54 HD12629 (as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproductive Research), and by funds from the the W. M. Keck Foundation.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Supported by a fellowship from the Lalor Foundation and by National Institutes of Health Training Grant 2T32HD07453. To whom correspondence should be addressed: G-424 Health Sciences Bldg., Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7290. Tel.: 206-543-6661; Fax: 206-685-0619; E-mail: kaftan@patchclamp.com.


Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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