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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.C000338200 on June 13, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 34, 25879-25882, August 25, 2000
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ACCELERATED PUBLICATION
Natural Animal Coloration Can Be Determined by a Nonfluorescent Green Fluorescent Protein Homolog*

Konstantin A. LukyanovDagger §, Arkady F. FradkovDagger §, Nadya G. GurskayaDagger , Mikhail V. MatzDagger , Yulii A. Labas, Aleksandr P. Savitsky||, Mikhail L. MarkelovDagger , Andrey G. ZaraiskyDagger , Xiaoning Zhao**, Yu Fang**, Wenyan Tan**, and Sergey A. LukyanovDagger Dagger Dagger

From the Dagger  Shemiakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117871 Moscow, Russia, the  Institute of Ecology and Evolution and the || Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 117071 Moscow, Russia, and ** CLONTECH Laboratories, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303-4230

It is generally accepted that the colors displayed by living organisms are determined by low molecular weight pigments or chromoproteins that require a prosthetic group. The exception to this rule is green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria that forms a fluorophore by self-catalyzed protein backbone modification. Here we found a naturally nonfluorescent homolog of GFP to determine strong purple coloration of tentacles in the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata. Under certain conditions, this novel chromoprotein produces a trace amount of red fluorescence (emission lambda max = 595 nm). The fluorescence demonstrates unique behavior: its intensity increases in the presence of green light but is inhibited by blue light. The quantum yield of fluorescence can be enhanced dramatically by single amino acid replacement, which probably restores the ancestral fluorescent state of the protein. Other fluorescent variants of the novel protein have emission peaks that are red-shifted up to 610 nm. They demonstrate that long wavelength fluorescence is attainable in GFP-like fluorescent proteins.

* This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research Grant 99-04-48873 (to Y. A. L.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF246709

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Dagger Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel./Fax: 7-095-330-7056; E-mail: luk@ibch.siobc.ras.ru.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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