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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 34, 26538-26544, August 25, 2000
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From the Mutations in residues in the type 3 calcium-binding repeats and COOH-terminal globular region of cartilage
oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) lead to two skeletal dysplasias,
pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. It has
been hypothesized that these mutations cause COMP to misfold and to be
retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, this hypothesis is not
supported by previous reports that COMP, when purified in the presence
of EDTA, shows no obvious difference in electron microscopic appearance in the presence or absence of calcium ions. Since this discrepancy may
be due to the removal of calcium during purification, we have expressed
wild-type COMP and the most common mutant form found in
pseudoachondroplasia, MUT3, using a mammalian expression system and
have purified both proteins in the presence of calcium. Both proteins
are expressed as pentamers. Direct calcium binding experiments demonstrate that wild-type COMP, when purified in the presence of
calcium, is a calcium-binding protein. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy and limited trypsin digestion at various calcium
concentrations show that there are conformational changes associated
with calcium binding to COMP. Whereas COMP exists in a more compact
conformation in the presence of calcium, it shows a more extended
conformation when calcium is removed. MUT3, with a single aspartic acid
deletion in the type 3 repeats, binds less calcium and presents an
intermediate conformation between the calcium-replete and
calcium-depleted forms of COMP. In conclusion, we show that a single
mutation in the type 3 repeats of COMP causes the mutant protein to
misfold. Our data demonstrate the importance of calcium binding to the structure of COMP and provide a plausible explanation for the observation that mutations in the type 3 repeats and COOH-terminal globular region lead to pseudoachondroplasia.
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Is a Calcium-binding Protein,
and a Mutation in Its Type 3 Repeats Causes Conformational
Changes*
§,
Division of Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis,
Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 and the
¶ Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School,
Houston, Texas 77225
*
This work was supported in part by NHLBI Grant HL49081 from
the National Institutes of Health (to J. L.) and by Grant 15955 from
the Shriners Hospital for Children (to J. T. H.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Research North, Rm. 270C, 99 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Tel.: 617-667-1694; Fax:
617-667-3591; E-mail: lawler@mbcrr.harvard.edu.
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