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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 35, 27494-27499, September 1, 2000
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From Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
During maize endosperm development, cells shift
from a mitotic cycle to endoreduplication, driving the massive
synthesis of storage proteins (zeins) and starch. In this developmental
context, we studied changes in expression levels of histone H1 and high mobility group I/Y (HMG-I/Y), two chromatin architectural proteins that
are known to affect gene transcription. Almost no change was found in
the level of histone H1 during endosperm development, despite a
dramatic increase in DNA content (endoreduplication); hence, the
histone H1/DNA ratio decreased substantially. Concurrently with a
reduction in the Cdc2 kinase activity at the shift to
endoreduplication, significant changes were found in the level and
mobility of the HMG-I/Y protein; the faster migrating forms were, at
least partly, hypophosphorylated. Purified maize HMG-I/Y protein
was found to be phophorylated in vitro by the Cdc2 kinase
and bound efficiently to the
The High Mobility Group I/Y Protein Is Hypophosphorylated in
Endoreduplicating Maize Endosperm Cells and Is Involved in Alleviating
Histone H1-mediated Transcriptional Repression*
-zein promoter AT-rich tract (Z-AT).
Using an in vitro transcription assay, we demonstrated the
capability of the maize HMG-I/Y protein to relieve the inhibitory
effect exerted by histone H1 on templates containing the Z-AT
sequence. These data suggest that during maize endosperm development
transcription and perhaps replication are controlled, at least partly,
by the activity of the Cdc2 kinase and the interplay between histone H1
and HMG-I/Y proteins.
*
This work was supported by BARD (to G. G).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 972-8-934-3505;
Fax: 972-8-934-4181; E-mail: gideon.grafi@weizmann.ac.il.
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