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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 38, 29257-29263, September 22, 2000

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Structure-Activity Relationships of Chromogranin A in Cell Adhesion
IDENTIFICATION OF AN ADHESION SITE FOR FIBROBLASTS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS^*

Sara Ratti, Flavio Curnis, Renato Longhi, Barbara Colombo, Anna Gasparri, Fulvio Magni, Ernesto Manera, Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue^§, and Angelo Corti^¶

From the Department of Biological and Technological Research, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy,  Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-IRBM, via M. Bianco 9, 20132 Milan, Italy, and ^§ INSERM Unité 338, "Biologie de la Communication Cellulaire," 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France

Previous studies showed that chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein stored and co-released with various hormones by neuroendocrine cells and neurons, can modulate cell adhesion. We have investigated the structure-activity relationships of CgA using fibroblasts and coronary artery smooth muscle cells in adhesion assays. A recombinant CgA fragment 1-78 and a peptide 7-57 containing reduced and alkylated cysteines (Cys¹⁷ and Cys³⁸) induced cell adhesion after adsorption onto solid phases at 50-100 nM. Peptides lacking the disulfide loop region, including residues 47-68, 39-59, and 39-68, induced cell adhesion, either bound to solid phases at 200-400 nM or added to the liquid phase at 5-10 µM, whereas peptide 60-68 was inactive, suggesting that residues 47-57 are important for activity. The effect of CgA-(1-78) was blocked by anti-CgA antibodies against epitopes including residues Arg⁵³, His⁵⁴, and Leu⁵⁷. Substitutions of residues His⁵⁴_, Gln⁵⁵, and Asn⁵⁶ with alanine decreased the cell adhesion activity of peptide 47-68. These results suggest that the region 47-57 (RILSILRHQNL) contains a cell adhesion site and that the disulfide bridge is not necessary for the proadhesive activity. The ability of soluble peptides to elicit proadhesive effects suggests an indirect mechanism. The high sequence conservation and accessibility to antibodies suggest that this region is important for the physiological role of CgA.

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