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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 39, 30163-30168, September 29, 2000
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From the Ionizing radiation (IR) treatment results in
activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl because of
phosphorylation by ATM. In vitro evidence indicates that
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) can also
phosphorylate and thus potentially activate Abl kinase activity in
response to IR exposure. To unravel the role of ATM and DNA-PK in the
activation of Abl, we assayed Abl, ATM, and DNA-PK activity in ATM- and
DNA-PKcs-deficient cells after irradiation. Our results show that
despite the presence of higher than normal levels of DNA-PK kinase
activity, c-Abl fails to become activated after IR exposure in
ATM-deficient cells. Conversely, normal activation of both ATM and
c-Abl occurs in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells, indicating that ATM but not
DNA-PK is required for activation of Abl in response to IR treatment.
Moreover, activation of Abl kinase activity by IR correlates well with
activation of ATM activity in all phases of the cell cycle. These
results indicate that ATM is primarily responsible for activation of
Abl in response to IR exposure in a cell cycle-independent fashion. Examination of DNA-PK activity in response to IR treatment in Abl-deficient cells expressing mutant forms of Abl or in normal cells
exposed to an inhibitor of Abl suggests an in vivo role for
Abl in the down-regulation of DNA-PK activity. Collectively, these
results suggest a convergence of the ATM and DNA-PK pathways in the
cellular response to IR through c-Abl kinase.
Regulation of DNA-dependent Protein Kinase
Activity by Ionizing Radiation-activated Abl Kinase Is an
ATM-dependent Process*
,
,
,
,
¶¶, and

Department of Molecular Genetics and
Biochemistry and the §§ Department of
Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15261, the § Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana
State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, the
Department of Microbiology, Boston University, School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and the ** Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New
York 10032
*
This work was supported by Grant IRG-60-002-40 from the
American Cancer Society (to R. B.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NS 34746.
¶¶
Supported by National Institutes of Health Grant
CA76409 and American Cancer Society Grant IN97-T. Scholar of the
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Molecular
Genetics and Biochemistry, E1205 Biomedical Science Tower, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. Tel.: 412-648-9023; Fax: 412-624-1401; E-mail address: bask@pitt.edu.
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