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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 41, 32338-32346, October 13, 2000
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B Activity Is Required for the Deregulation of
c-myc Expression by the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
Enhancer*
From the Center for Molecular Biology in Medicine, Veterans Affairs
Palo Alto Health Care System and the Department of Medicine, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
The c-myc gene is translocated to one
of the immunoglobulin genes in Burkitt's lymphoma resulting in
deregulated expression of c-myc. Several enhancers have
been shown to be important for expression of the immunoglobulin heavy
chain gene. Four enhancer regions (murine-hypersensitive sites (MHS) 1, 2, 3, and 4) located 3' of the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain gene
play a role in activating expression of the translocated
c-myc gene. The enhancer regions also result in a shift in
transcriptional initiation from the P2 promoter to P1 that is
characteristic of the translocated c-myc allele. We found
that the most 3' enhancer region (MHS4) activated the c-myc
promoter by 46-fold in the Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, and it
was the most active enhancer in these cells. The addition of enhancer
regions MHS1,2 and 3 to MHS4 increased c-myc transcription
by an additional 3-fold and resulted in the full promoter shift from P2
to P1. By deletion analysis of enhancer region MHS4, we located a
region that was critical for the transcriptional activity of MHS4.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis revealed that
NF-
B/Rel family members bound to this region. Mutation of the
NF-
B binding site abolished both the enhancer activity and the
promoter shift activity of MHS4. An active NF-
B site was also
identified in the human HS4 enhancer. Inhibition of c-myc promoter activity driven by the immunoglobulin enhancers was observed with expression of a super-repressor I
B
construct. These results indicate that the NF-
B/Rel transcription factors play an important role in the deregulation of the translocated c-myc gene in
Burkitt's lymphoma and suggest that interference with NF-
B function
may represent a new approach to the treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Hematology, S-161,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5112. Tel.:
650-849-0551; Fax: 650-858-3982; E-mail:
lboxer@stanford.edu.
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