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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 42, 32906-32910, October 20, 2000
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§ and
From the Expression of the human T-cell leukemia virus
type I (HTLV-I) Tax oncoprotein rapidly engenders DNA damage as
reflected in a significant increase of micronuclei (MN) in cells. To
understand better this phenomenon, we have investigated the DNA content
of MN induced by Tax. Using an approach that we termed FISHI,
fluorescent in situ
hybridization and incorporation, we attempted
to characterize MN with centric or acentric DNA fragments for the
presence or absence of free 3'-OH ends. Free 3'-OH ends were defined as
those ends accessible to in situ addition of
digoxigenin-dUTP using terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase. MN were also assessed for centromeric sequences
using standard fluorescent in situ
hybridization (FISH). Combining these results, we
determined that Tax oncoprotein increased the frequency of MN
containing centric DNA with free 3'-OH and decreased the frequency of
MN containing DNA fragments that had incorporation-inaccessible
3'-ends. Recently, it has been suggested that intracellular DNA breaks
without detectable 3'-OH ends are stabilized by the protective addition
of telomeric caps, while breaks with freely detectable 3'-OH are
uncapped and are labile to degradation, incomplete replication, and
loss during cell division. Accordingly, based on increased detection of
free 3'-OH-containing DNA fragments, we concluded that HTLV-I Tax
interferes with protective cellular mechanism(s) used normally for
stabilizing DNA breaks.
Department of Biology, University of Padova,
Padova 35131 Italy and the Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology,
NIAID, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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