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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 43, 33522-33526, October 27, 2000

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Mutations in Retinoid X Receptor That Impair Heterodimerization with Specific Nuclear Hormone Receptor^*

Soo-Kyung Lee^§¶, Bora Lee^¶, and Jae Woon Lee^**

From the  Center for Ligand and Transcription, ^§ Department of Biology, and ^** Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Korea

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) serves as a promiscuous heterodimerization partner for many nuclear receptors through the identity box, a 40-amino acid subregion within the ligand binding domain. In this study, we randomly mutated two specific residues within the human RXR identity box region previously identified as important determinants in heterodimerization (i.e. Ala⁴¹⁶ and Arg⁴²¹). Interestingly, most of these mutants still retained wild type interactions with thyroid hormone receptor (TR), retinoic acid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor , small heterodimer partner, and constitutive androstane receptor. However, RXR-A416D and R421L were specifically impaired for interactions with TR, whereas RXR-A416K lost both TR and retinoic acid receptor interactions. Accordingly, RXR-A416D did not support T3 transactivation in mammalian cells, whereas RXR-A416K was not supportive of transactivation by retinoids or T3. These results provide a basis upon which to further design mutant RXRs highly selective in heterodimerization, potentially useful tools to probe nuclear receptor function in vivo.

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