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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 47, 36645-36652, November 24, 2000

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The Binding of a Glycoprotein 120 V3 Loop Peptide to HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies
STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS^*

Gang Wu^§, Roger MacKenzie^¶, Paul J. Durda, and Pearl Tsang^**

From the  Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, the ^¶ Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and the  Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

The structural and antigenic properties of a peptide ("CRK") derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 protein were studied using NMR and SPR techniques. The sequence of CRK corresponds to the central portion of the V3 loop containing the highly conserved "GPGR" residue sequence. Although the biological significance of this conserved sequence is unknown, the adoption of conserved secondary structure (type II -turn) in this region has been proposed. The tendency of CRK (while free or conjugated to protein), to adopt such structure and the influence of such structure upon CRK antigenicity were investigated by NMR and SPR, respectively. Regardless of conjugation, CRK is conformationally averaged in solution but a weak tendency of the CRK "GPGR" residues to adopt a -turn conformation was observed after conjugation. The influence of GPGR structure upon CRK antigenicity was investigated by measuring the affinities of two cognate antibodies: "5023A" and "5025A," for CRK, protein-conjugated CRK and gp120 protein. Each antibody bound to all the antigens with nearly the same affinity. From these data, it appears that: (a) antibody binding most likely involves an induced fit of the peptide and (b) the gp120 V3 loop is probably conformationally heterogeneous. Since 5023A and 5025A are HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, neutralization in these cases appears to be independent of adopted GPGR -turn structure.

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