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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 47, 36847-36851, November 24, 2000
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From the The onset of myocardial infarction occurs
frequently in the early morning, and it may partly result from
circadian variation of fibrinolytic activity. Plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1 activity shows a circadian oscillation and may account for
the morning onset of myocardial infarction. However, the molecular
mechanisms regulating this circadian oscillation remain unknown. Recent
evidence indicates that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS domain
transcription factors play a crucial role in controlling the biological
clock that controls circadian rhythm. We isolated a novel bHLH/PAS
protein, cycle-like factor (CLIF) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CLIF shares high homology with Drosophila CYCLE, one
of the essential transcriptional regulators of circadian rhythm. CLIF
is expressed in endothelial cells and neurons in the brain, including
the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center of the circadian clock. In
endothelial cells, CLIF forms a heterodimer with CLOCK and up-regulates
the PAI-1 gene through E-box sites. Furthermore, Period2 and
Cryptochrome1, whose expression show a circadian oscillation in
peripheral tissues, inhibit the PAI-1 promoter activation by the
CLOCK:CLIF heterodimer. These results suggest that CLIF regulates the
circadian oscillation of PAI-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. In
addition, the results potentially provide a molecular basis for the
morning onset of myocardial infarction.
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF256215.
CLIF, a Novel Cycle-like Factor, Regulates the Circadian
Oscillation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene Expression*
§,
,
,
,
,
, and
Cardiovascular and the
Pulmonary and
Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and the ¶ Department of
Medicine and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School
of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grants HL 03745 (to M. T. C.), HL 10113 (to M. D. L.), HL 60788 (to M. A. P.), and HL 57664 (to M.-E. L.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Deceased on April 10, 2000.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
113-8655, Japan. Fax: 81-3-5800-8824; E-mail: kmae-tky@umin. ac.jp.
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