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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 49, 38319-38328, December 8, 2000
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From the Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute,
Buffalo, New York 14263
Acetylation of polyamines by spermidine/spermine
N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) has been implicated
in their degradation and/or export out of the cell. The relationship of
SSAT to polyamine pool dynamics and cell growth is not yet clearly
understood. MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells were transfected with
tetracycline-regulated (Tet-off) SSAT human cDNA or murine gene.
Doxycycline removal for >2 days caused a ~20-fold increase in SSAT
RNA and a ~10-fold increase in enzyme activity. After 4 days,
intracellular putrescine and spermidine pools were markedly lowered,
and cell growth was inhibited. Growth inhibition could not be prevented
with exogenous polyamines due to a previously unrecognized ability of
SSAT to rapidly acetylate influxing polyamines and thereby prevent
restoration of the endogenous pools. Instead, cells accumulated high
levels of N1-acetylspermidine,
N1-acetylspermine, and
N1,N12-diacetylspermine,
a metabolite not previously reported in mammalian cells. Doxycycline
deprivation before treatment with
N1,N11-diethylnorspermine
markedly increased analog induction of SSAT mRNA and activity and
enhanced growth sensitivity to the analog by ~100-fold. Overall, the
findings demonstrate that conditional overexpression of SSAT lowers
polyamine pools, inhibits cell growth, and markedly enhances growth
sensitivity to certain analogs. The enzyme also plays a remarkably
efficient role in maintaining polyamine pool homeostasis during
challenges with exogenous polyamines.
Effects of Conditional Overexpression of Spermidine/Spermine
N1-Acetyltransferase on Polyamine Pool
Dynamics, Cell Growth, and Sensitivity to Polyamine Analogs*
,
§,
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health (NCI) Grants CA-76428 (to C. W. P. and J. J.) and CA-22153 (to C. W. P.) and by Roswell Park Cancer Institute Core Grant CA-16056, by the Academy of Finland, by the Human Frontier Science Program, and by Maud Kuistila's Memorial Foundation (to M. H.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Shared first authorship.
§
Current address: A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of
Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
¶
To whom correspondence and requests for reprints should be
addressed: Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm
and Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY 14263. Tel.: 716-845-3002; Fax: 716-845-8857; E-mail: carl.porter@roswellpark.org.
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