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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 50, 39223-39230, December 15, 2000
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From the Deregulation of cell cycle checkpoints is an
almost universal abnormality in human cancers and is most often due to
loss-of-function mutations of tumor suppressor genes such as Rb, p53,
or p16INK4a. In this study, we demonstrate that
BCR/ABL inhibits the expression of a key cell cycle inhibitor,
p27Kip1, by signaling through a pathway involving
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). p27Kip1 is a widely
expressed inhibitor of cdk2, an essential cell cycle kinase regulating
entry into S phase. We demonstrate that the decrease of
p27Kip1 is directly due to BCR/ABL in hematopoietic cells
by two different approaches. First, induction of BCR/ABL by a
tetracycline-regulated promoter is associated with a reversible
down-regulation of p27Kip1. Second, inhibition of BCR/ABL
kinase activity with the Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 rapidly
increases p27Kip1 levels. The PI3K inhibitor LY-294002
blocks the ability of BCR/ABL to induce p27Kip1
down-regulation and inhibits BCR/ABL-induced entry into S phase. The
serine/threonine kinase AKT/protein kinase B is a known
downstream target of PI3K. Transient expression of an activated mutant
of AKT was found to decrease expression of p27Kip1, even
when PI3K was inhibited by LY-294002. The mechanism of p27Kip1 regulation is primarily related to protein
stability, since inhibition of proteasome activity increased
p27Kip1 levels in BCR/ABL-transformed cells, whereas very
little change in p27 transcription was found. Overall, these data are
consistent with a model in which BCR/ABL suppresses p27Kip1
protein levels through PI3K/AKT, leading to accelerated entry into S
phase. This activity is likely to explain in part previous studies
showing that activation of PI3K was required for optimum transformation
of hematopoietic cells by BCR/ABL in vitro and in
vivo.
BCR/ABL Regulates Expression of the Cyclin-dependent
Kinase Inhibitor p27Kip1 through the Phosphatidylinositol
3-Kinase/AKT Pathway*
§,
§,
¶,
¶, and
§
Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber
Cancer Institute and Departments of § Medicine and
¶ Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dana Farber Cancer
Institute, Dept. of Adult Oncology, 44 Binney St., Boston MA 02115. Tel.: 617-632-3360; Fax: 617-632-4388; E-mail:
james_griffin@dfci.harvard.edu.
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