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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 50, 39339-39344, December 15, 2000

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Complete Sequence of the 24-mer Hemocyanin of the Tarantula Eurypelma californicum
STRUCTURE AND INTRAMOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF THE SUBUNITS^*

Renate Voit^§, Gertraud Feldmaier-Fuchs^¶, Thorsten Schweikardt, Heinz Decker, and Thorsten Burmester^**

From the  Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, the ^¶ Institute of Zoology, University of Munich, Luisenstrasse 14, D-80333 München, Germany, the  Institute of Biophysics, University of Mainz, Welderweg 26, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, and the ^** Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Müllerweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

Hemocyanins are large oligomeric respiratory proteins found in many arthropods and molluscs. The hemocyanin of the tarantula Eurypelma californicum is a 24-mer protein complex with molecular mass of 1,726,459 Da that consists of seven different polypeptides (a-g), each occupying a distinct position within the native molecule. Here we report the complete molecular structure of the E. californicum hemocyanin as deduced from the corresponding cDNAs. This represents the first complex arthropod hemocyanin to be completely sequenced. The different subunits display 52-66% amino acid sequence identity. Within the subunits, the central domain, which bears the active center with the copper-binding sites A and B, displays the highest degree of identity. Using a homology modeling approach, the putative three-dimensional structure of individual subunits was deduced and compared. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that differentiation of the individual subunits occurred 400-550 million years ago. The hemocyanin of the stemline Chelicerata was probably a hexamer built up of six distinct subunit types a, b/c, d, e, f, and g, whereas that of the early Arachnida was originally a 24-mer that emerged after the differentiation of subunits b and c.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AJ290429, AJ277489, AJ290430, AJ277491, and AJ277492.

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