| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 275, Issue 50, 39435-39443, December 15, 2000
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From the Cell Stress and Aging Section, Laboratory of Biological
Chemistry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825
Cisplatin activates multiple signal transduction
pathways involved in coordinating cellular responses to stress. Here we
demonstrate a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated protein
kinase (ERK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family in mediating cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Cisplatin treatment resulted in dose- and time- dependent activation of ERK. That elevated ERK activity contributed to cell death
by cisplatin was supported by several observations: 1) PD98059 and
U0126, chemical inhibitors of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, prevented
apoptosis; 2) pretreatment of cells with TPA, an activator of the ERK
pathway, enhanced their sensitivity to cisplatin; 3) suramin, a growth
factor receptor antagonist that greatly suppressed ERK activation,
likewise inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis; and, finally, 4) HeLa
cell variants selected for cisplatin resistance showed reduced
activation of ERK following cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin-induced
apoptosis was associated with cytochrome c release and
subsequent caspase-3 activation, both of which could be prevented by
treatment with the MEK inhibitors. However, the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone protected HeLa cells
against apoptosis without affecting ERK activation. Taken together, our
findings suggest that ERK activation plays an active role in mediating
cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and functions upstream of
caspase activation to initiate the apoptotic signal.
Requirement for ERK Activation in Cisplatin-induced
Apoptosis*
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of
Biological Chemistry, Box 12, NIA, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224. Tel.: 410-558-8446; Fax:
410-558-8386.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Liu, W. Mao, B. Ding, and C.-s. Liang ERKs/p53 signal transduction pathway is involved in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2008; 295(5): H1956 - H1965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Yang, S. Piperdi, and R. Gorlick Activation of the RAF/Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway Mediates Apoptosis Induced by Chelerythrine in Osteosarcoma Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2008; 14(20): 6396 - 6404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Lomonaco, S. Kahana, M. Blass, Y. Brody, H. Okhrimenko, C. Xiang, S. Finniss, P. M. Blumberg, H.-K. Lee, and C. Brodie Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase C{delta} on Distinct Tyrosine Residues Induces Sustained Activation of Erk1/2 via Down-regulation of MKP-1: ROLE IN THE APOPTOTIC EFFECT OF ETOPOSIDE J. Biol. Chem., June 20, 2008; 283(25): 17731 - 17739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Javvadi, A. T. Segan, S. W. Tuttle, and C. Koumenis The Chemopreventive Agent Curcumin Is a Potent Radiosensitizer of Human Cervical Tumor Cells via Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Overactivation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mol. Pharmacol., May 1, 2008; 73(5): 1491 - 1501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ma, K. A. Bower, G. Chen, X. Shi, Z.-J. Ke, and J. Luo Interaction between ERK and GSK3{beta} Mediates Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced Apoptosis in SK-N-MC Neuroblastoma Cells J. Biol. Chem., April 4, 2008; 283(14): 9248 - 9256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Benedetti, P. Perego, G. Luca Beretta, E. Corna, S. Tinelli, S. C. Righetti, R. Leone, P. Apostoli, C. Lanzi, and F. Zunino Modulation of survival pathways in ovarian carcinoma cell lines resistant to platinum compounds Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2008; 7(3): 679 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-S. Kim, J.-T. Hwang, H. Yun, S.-G. Chi, S.-J. Lee, I. Kang, K.-S. Yoon, W.-J. Choe, S.-S. Kim, and J. Ha Inhibition of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis via Hyper-induction of p53 J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2008; 283(7): 3731 - 3742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-H. Lee, H.-S. Choi, H. Kim, and Y. Lee ERK is a novel regulatory kinase for poly(A) polymerase Nucleic Acids Res., February 11, 2008; 36(3): 803 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Bhoopathi, C. Chetty, S. Kunigal, S. K. Vanamala, J. S. Rao, and S. S. Lakka Blockade of Tumor Growth Due to Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibition Is Mediated by Sequential Activation of 1-Integrin, ERK, and NF-{kappa}B J. Biol. Chem., January 18, 2008; 283(3): 1545 - 1552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M M Conradie, H de Wet, D D R Kotze, J M Burrin, F S Hough, and P A Hulley Vanadate prevents glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts in vitro and osteocytes in vivo J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 195(2): 229 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Komatsu, T. Furukawa, R. Ikeda, S. Takumi, Q. Nong, K. Aoyama, S.-i. Akiyama, D. Keppler, and T. Takeuchi Involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Microcystin-LR-Induced Apoptosis after its Selective Uptake Mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2007; 97(2): 407 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. L. Ebner, M. Blatzer, M. Nawaz, and G. Krumschnabel Activation and nuclear translocation of ERK in response to ligand-dependent and -independent stimuli in liver and gill cells from rainbow trout J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2007; 210(6): 1036 - 1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Katayama, Y. Kusaka, H. Yokota, T. Akao, M. Kojima, O. Nakamura, E. Mekada, and E. Mizuki Parasporin-1, a Novel Cytotoxic Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, Induces Ca2+ Influx and a Sustained Elevation of the Cytoplasmic Ca2+ Concentration in Toxin-sensitive Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2007; 282(10): 7742 - 7752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Ramesh, S. R. Kimball, L. S. Jefferson, and W. B. Reeves Endotoxin and cisplatin synergistically stimulate TNF-{alpha} production by renal epithelial cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): F812 - F819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zhuang, Y. Yan, R. A. Daubert, J. Han, and R. G. Schnellmann ERK promotes hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and inhibition of Akt in renal epithelial cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): F440 - F447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Zhuang and R. G. Schnellmann A Death-Promoting Role for Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2006; 319(3): 991 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nawaz, C. Manzl, V. Lacher, and G. Krumschnabel Copper-Induced Stimulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Trout Hepatocytes: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Ca2+, and Cell Energetics and the Impact of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling on Apoptosis and Necrosis Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2006; 92(2): 464 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Billecke, S. Finniss, L. Tahash, C. Miller, T. Mikkelsen, N. P. Farrell, and O. Bogler Polynuclear platinum anticancer drugs are more potent than cisplatin and induce cell cycle arrest in glioma Neuro-oncol, July 1, 2006; 8(3): 215 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B.-H. Choi, E.-M. Hur, J.-H. Lee, D.-J. Jun, and K.-T. Kim Protein kinase C{delta}-mediated proteasomal degradation of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 contributes to glutamate-induced neuronal cell death J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2006; 119(7): 1329 - 1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Yuan, W.-M. Yu, M. Xu, and C.-K. Qu SHP-2 Phosphatase Regulates DNA Damage-induced Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest in Catalytically Dependent and Independent Manners, Respectively J. Biol. Chem., December 30, 2005; 280(52): 42701 - 42706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zhang, H.-M. Shen, and C. N. Ong Down-regulation of c-FLIP contributes to the sensitization effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2005; 4(12): 1972 - 1981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Stankiewicz, G. Lachapelle, C. P. Z. Foo, S. M. Radicioni, and D. D. Mosser Hsp70 Inhibits Heat-induced Apoptosis Upstream of Mitochondria by Preventing Bax Translocation J. Biol. Chem., November 18, 2005; 280(46): 38729 - 38739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Kalinec, M. E. Fernandez-Zapico, R. Urrutia, N. Esteban-Cruciani, S. Chen, and F. Kalinec Pivotal role of Harakiri in the induction and prevention of gentamicin-induced hearing loss PNAS, November 1, 2005; 102(44): 16019 - 16024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.-R. Lee, Y.-J. Kang, J.-H. Kim, H. T. Lee, and S.-G. Cho Modulation of Apoptosis in HaCaT Keratinocytes via Differential Regulation of ERK Signaling Pathway by Flavonoids J. Biol. Chem., September 9, 2005; 280(36): 31498 - 31507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Matsumoto, M. Miyagishi, H. Akashi, R. Nagai, and K. Taira Analysis of Double-stranded RNA-induced Apoptosis Pathways Using Interferon-response Noninducible Small Interfering RNA Expression Vector Library J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25687 - 25696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ramesh and W. B. Reeves p38 MAP kinase inhibition ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): F166 - F174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kim, Y. Yan, R. L. Kortum, S. M. Stoeger, M. K. Sgagias, K. Lee, R. E. Lewis, and K. H. Cowan Expression of Kinase Suppressor of Ras1 Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Cisplatin Sensitivity Cancer Res., May 15, 2005; 65(10): 3986 - 3992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Winters, A. I. Mehta, E. F. Petricoin III, E. C. Kohn, and L. A. Liotta Supra-additive Growth Inhibition by a Celecoxib Analogue and Carboxyamido-triazole Is Primarily Mediated through Apoptosis Cancer Res., May 1, 2005; 65(9): 3853 - 3860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Wollmann, M. L. Goodman, P. Bhat-Nakshatri, H. Kishimoto, R. J. Goulet Jr, S. Mehrotra, A. Morimiya, S. Badve, and H. Nakshatri The macrophage inhibitory cytokine integrates AKT/PKB and MAP kinase signaling pathways in breast cancer cells Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2005; 26(5): 900 - 907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Venkatasubbarao, A. Choudary, and J. W. Freeman Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor (R115777)-Induced Inhibition of STAT3(Tyr705) Phosphorylation in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines Require Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Cancer Res., April 1, 2005; 65(7): 2861 - 2871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sim, T.-S. Yong, S.-J. Park, K.-i. Im, Y. Kong, J.-S. Ryu, D.-Y. Min, and M. H. Shin NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Activation of ERK1/2 Is Required for Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Entamoeba histolytica J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4279 - 4288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. J. Wu, L. L. Muldoon, and E. A. Neuwelt The Chemoprotective Agent N-Acetylcysteine Blocks Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis through Caspase Signaling Pathway J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2005; 312(2): 424 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. V. Truong, M. M. Monick, T. O. Yarovinsky, L. S. Powers, T. Nyunoya, and G. W. Hunninghake Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation Delays Hyperoxia-Induced Epithelial Cell Death in Conditions of Akt Downregulation Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 2004; 31(6): 611 - 618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Arany, J. K. Megyesi, H. Kaneto, P. M. Price, and R. L. Safirstein Cisplatin-induced cell death is EGFR/src/ERK signaling dependent in mouse proximal tubule cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): F543 - F549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Y. Yeh, K.-H. Yeh, S.-E. Chuang, Y. C. Song, and A.-L. Cheng Suppression of MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Enhances Cisplatin-induced NF-{kappa}B Activation by Protein Phosphatase 4-mediated NF-{kappa}B p65 Thr Dephosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., June 18, 2004; 279(25): 26143 - 26148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Relic, V. Benoit, N. Franchimont, C. Ribbens, M.-J. Kaiser, P. Gillet, M.-P. Merville, V. Bours, and M. G. Malaise 15-Deoxy-{Delta}12,14-prostaglandin J2 Inhibits Bay 11-7085-induced Sustained Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Phosphorylation and Apoptosis in Human Articular Chondrocytes and Synovial Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 2004; 279(21): 22399 - 22403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Facchinetti, A. De Siervi, D. Toskos, and A. M. Senderowicz UCN-01-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest Requires the Transcriptional Induction of p21waf1/cip1 by Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway Cancer Res., May 15, 2004; 64(10): 3629 - 3637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wang and S. J. Lippard Cisplatin-induced Post-translational Modification of Histones H3 and H4 J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20622 - 20625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fernandez, A. M. Ramos, P. Sancho, D. Amran, E. de Blas, and P. Aller 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate May Both Potentiate and Decrease the Generation of Apoptosis by the Antileukemic Agent Arsenic Trioxide in Human Promonocytic Cells: REGULATION BY EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES AND GLUTATHIONE J. Biol. Chem., January 30, 2004; 279(5): 3877 - 3884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. De Siervi, M. Marinissen, J. Diggs, X.-F. Wang, G. Pages, and A. Senderowicz Transcriptional Activation of p21waf1/cip1 by Alkylphospholipids: Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in the Transactivation of the Human p21waf1/cip1 Promoter by Sp1 Cancer Res., January 15, 2004; 64(2): 743 - 750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Whittaker, M. I. Walton, M. D. Garrett, and P. Workman The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor CYC202 (R-Roscovitine) Inhibits Retinoblastoma Protein Phosphorylation, Causes Loss of Cyclin D1, and Activates the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Cancer Res., January 1, 2004; 64(1): 262 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Zhang, M. I. Dawson, Y. Ning, L. Polin, R. E. Parchment, T. Corbett, A. N. Mohamed, K.-C. Feng, L. Farhana, A. K. Rishi, et al. Induction of apoptosis in retinoid-refractory acute myelogenous leukemia by a novel AHPN analog Blood, November 15, 2003; 102(10): 3743 - 3752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Yuan, W.-M. Yu, and C.-K. Qu DNA Damage-induced G2/M Checkpoint in SV40 Large T Antigen-immortalized Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Requires SHP-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2003; 278(44): 42812 - 42820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Masuda, H. Shima, C. Katagiri, and K. Kikuchi Activation of ERK Induces Phosphorylation of MAPK Phosphatase-7, a JNK Specific Phosphatase, at Ser-446 J. Biol. Chem., August 22, 2003; 278(34): 32448 - 32456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Calabrese, A. Frank, K. Maclean, and R. Gilbertson Medulloblastoma Sensitivity to 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin Requires MEK/ERK J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 2003; 278(27): 24951 - 24959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Chen, K. Alm, S. Vujcic, D. L. Kramer, K. Kee, P. Diegelman, and C. W. Porter The Role of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation in Determining Cellular Outcomes in Polyamine Analogue-treated Human Melanoma Cells Cancer Res., July 1, 2003; 63(13): 3619 - 3625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Vasilevskaya, T. V. Rakitina, and P. J. O'Dwyer Geldanamycin and its 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxy Analogue Antagonize the Action of Cisplatin in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells: Differential Caspase Activation as a Basis for Interaction Cancer Res., June 15, 2003; 63(12): 3241 - 3246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Yuan, W.-M. Yu, Z. Yuan, C. C. Haudenschild, and C.-K. Qu Role of SHP-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase in the DNA Damage-induced Cell Death Response J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2003; 278(17): 15208 - 15216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Shack, X.-T. Wang, G. C. Kokkonen, M. Gorospe, D. L. Longo, and N. J. Holbrook Caveolin-Induced Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Increases Arsenite Cytotoxicity Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2003; 23(7): 2407 - 2414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhang, P. Shan, M. Sasidhar, G. L. Chupp, R. A. Flavell, A. M. K. Choi, and P. J. Lee Reactive Oxygen Species and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediate Hyperoxia-Induced Cell Death in Lung Epithelium Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2003; 28(3): 305 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhang, P. Shan, L. E. Otterbein, J. Alam, R. A. Flavell, R. J. Davis, A. M. K. Choi, and P. J. Lee Carbon Monoxide Inhibition of Apoptosis during Ischemia-Reperfusion Lung Injury Is Dependent on the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway and Involves Caspase 3 J. Biol. Chem., January 3, 2003; 278(2): 1248 - 1258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Rosen, W. Shi, B. Calabretta, and J. Filmus Cell Detachment Triggers p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Overexpression of Fas Ligand. A NOVEL MECHANISM OF ANOIKIS OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2002; 277(48): 46123 - 46130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nowak Protein Kinase C-alpha and ERK1/2 Mediate Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Decreases in Active Na+ Transport, and Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Renal Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 2002; 277(45): 43377 - 43388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Lennon, M. Ramauge, A. Dessouroux, and M. Pierre MAP Kinase Cascades Are Activated in Astrocytes and Preadipocytes by 15-Deoxy-Delta 12-14-prostaglandin J2 and the Thiazolidinedione Ciglitazone through Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor gamma -independent Mechanisms Involving Reactive Oxygenated Species J. Biol. Chem., August 9, 2002; 277(33): 29681 - 29685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
