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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 13, 10387-10397, March 30, 2001
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From the The DNA polymerases (gp43s) of the related
bacteriophages T4 and RB69 are B family (polymerase
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIEHS,
National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27709-2233, the ¶ Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University
Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, and the
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-3219
class)
enzymes that determine the fidelity of phage DNA replication. A T4
whose gene 43 has been mutationally inactivated can be
replicated by a cognate RB69 gp43 encoded by a recombinant plasmid in
T4-infected Escherichia coli. We used this phage-plasmid
complementation assay to obtain rapid and sensitive measurements of the
mutational specificities of mutator derivatives of the RB69 enzyme.
RB69 gp43s lacking proofreading function (Exo
enzymes)
and/or substituted with alanine, serine, or threonine at the conserved
polymerase function residue Tyr567
(PolY567(A/S/T) enzymes) were examined for their effects on
the reversion of specific mutations in the T4 rII gene and
on forward mutation in the T4 rI gene. The results reveal
that Tyr567 is a key determinant of the fidelity of base
selection and that the Pol and Exo functions are strongly coupled in
this B family enzyme. In vitro assays show that the
PolY567A Exo
enzyme generates mispairs more
frequently but extends them less efficiently than does a
Pol+ Exo
enzyme. Other replicative DNA
polymerases may control fidelity by strategies similar to those used by
RB69 gp43.
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