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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 14, 10870-10878, April 6, 2001
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§¶,
,
, and

From the The mitogen-activated protein kinases
(MAPKs) play important roles in regulation of cell growth and survival.
Human MAPK 5 (ERK5) or Big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1) is a recently
cloned member of the MAPK family. To identify ERK5-related kinases, we
searched the GenBankTM expressed sequence tag (EST) data base for
mouse cDNAs with homology to human ERK5. A full-length mouse
cDNA that was highly homologous to the human ERK5 was identified.
Further analysis of ERK5 polymerase chain reaction products generated from mouse embryo cDNA yielded three mouse ERK5 cDNAs (mERK5a, mERK5b, and mERK5c). Sequence analysis showed that these cDNAs are
alternative splice products of the mouse ERK5 gene.
Interestingly, expressed mERK5b and mERK5c act as dominant negative
inhibitors based on inhibition of mERK5a kinase activity and
mERK5a-mediated MEF2C transactivation. However, the physiological
significance of mERK5b and mERK5c is not fully understood. Further
investigation using these mouse ERK5 splice variants and other
constructed mutants identified functional roles of several regions of
mERK5, which appear to be important for protein-protein interaction and
intracellular localization. Specifically, we found that the long
C-terminal tail, which contains a putative nuclear localization signal,
is not required for activation and kinase activity but is responsible for the activation of nuclear transcription factor MEF2C due to nuclear
targeting. In addition, the N-terminal domain spanning amino acids
(aa) 1-77 is important for cytoplasmic targeting; the domain
from aa 78 to 139 is required for association with the upstream kinase
MEK5; and the domain from aa 140-406 is necessary for
oligomerization. Taken together, these observations indicate that ERK5 is regulated by distinct mechanisms determined by its unique
structure and presumably the presence of multiple splice variants.
Center for Cardiovascular Research,
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester,
New York 14642, the
Department of Pathology, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and the
** Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,
California 92037
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF126159 (mERK5a), AF126160 (mERK5b), and AF126161 (mERK5c).

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Center for
Cardiovascular Research, Box 679, 601 Elmwood Ave., University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642. Tel.:
716-273-1946; Fax: 716-273-1497; E-mail:
bradford_berk@urmc.rochester.edu.
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