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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 14, 11135-11142, April 6, 2001
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From the Departments of The P2X7 receptor is a
ligand-gated cation-selective channel that mediates ATP-induced
apoptosis of cells of the immune system. We and others have shown that
P2X7 is nonfunctional both in lymphocytes and monocytes
from some subjects. To study a possible genetic basis we sequenced DNA
coding for the carboxyl-terminal tail of P2X7. In 9 of 45 normal subjects a heterozygous nucleotide substitution (1513A
A Glu-496 to Ala Polymorphism Leads to Loss of Function of
the Human P2X7 Receptor*
,
,
,
,
Medicine and
§ Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney,
New South Wales 2006 and the ¶ Department of Physiology,
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
C) was found, whereas 1 subject carried the homozygous substitution that codes for glutamic acid to alanine at amino acid
position 496. Surface expression of P2X7 on lymphocytes was not affected by this E496A polymorphism, demonstrated both by confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining. Monocytes and
lymphocytes from the E496A homozygote subject expressed nonfunctional receptor, whereas heterozygotes showed P2X7 function that
was half that of germline P2X7. Results of transfection
experiments showed that the mutant P2X7 receptor was
nonfunctional when expressed at low receptor density but regained
function at a high receptor density. This density dependence of mutant
P2X7 function was also seen on differentiation of fresh
monocytes to macrophages with interferon-
, which up-regulated mutant
P2X7 and partially restored its function.
P2X7-mediated apoptosis of lymphocytes was impaired in
homozygous mutant P2X7 compared with germline (8.6 versus 35.2%). The data suggest that the glutamic acid at
position 496 is required for optimal assembly of the P2X7 receptor.
*
This work was supported by the Sydney University Cancer
Research Fund, the New South Wales Cancer Council, The Leo & Jenny Foundation, and the Cecilia Kilkeary Foundation Ltd.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Clinical Sciences
Bldg., Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. Tel.: 61-2-473-43277; Fax: 61-2-473-43432; E-mail:
wileyj@medicine.usyd.edu.au.
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