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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M010221200 on January 19, 2001
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 15, 11712-11718, April 13, 2001
Calcium Influx and Signaling in Yeast Stimulated by Intracellular
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Accumulation*
Christine J.
Birchwood ,
Julie D.
Saba§,
Robert C.
Dickson¶, and
Kyle W.
Cunningham
From the Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, the § Children's
Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, and the
¶ Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of
Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
In mammalian cells, intracellular sphingosine
1-phosphate (S1P) can stimulate calcium release from intracellular
organelles, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling
pathways. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
expresses enzymes that can synthesize and degrade S1P and related
molecules, but their possible role in calcium signaling has not yet
been tested. Here we examine the effects of S1P accumulation on
calcium signaling using a variety of yeast mutants. Treatment of yeast
cells with exogenous sphingosine stimulated Ca2+
accumulation through two distinct pathways. The first pathway required
the Cch1p and Mid1p subunits of a Ca2+ influx channel,
depended upon the function of sphingosine kinases (Lcb4p and Lcb5p),
and was inhibited by the functions of S1P lyase (Dpl1p) and the S1P
phosphatase (Lcb3p). The biologically inactive stereoisomer of
sphingosine did not activate this Ca2+ influx pathway,
suggesting that the active S1P isomer specifically stimulates a
calcium-signaling mechanism in yeast. The second Ca2+
influx pathway stimulated by the addition of sphingosine was not
stereospecific, was not dependent on the sphingosine kinases, occurred
only at higher doses of added sphingosine, and therefore was likely to
be nonspecific. Mutants lacking both S1P lyase and phosphatase
(dpl1 lcb3 double mutants) exhibited constitutively high
Ca2+ accumulation and signaling in the absence of added
sphingosine, and these effects were dependent on the sphingosine
kinases. These results show that endogenous S1P-related molecules can
also trigger Ca2+ accumulation and signaling. Several
stimuli previously shown to evoke calcium signaling in wild-type cells
were examined in lcb4 lcb5 double mutants. All of the
stimuli produced calcium signals independent of sphingosine kinase
activity, suggesting that phosphorylated sphingoid bases might serve as
messengers of calcium signaling in yeast during an unknown cellular response.
*
This work was supported in part by the Searle Scholars
Program/The Chicago Community Trust (to K. W. C.) and National
Institutes of Health Grants CA77528 (to J. D. S.), GM41302 (to
R. C. D.), and GM53082 (to K. W. C.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218. Tel.: 410-516-7844; Fax: 410-516-5213; E-mail: kwc@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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