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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M009253200 on November 28, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 15, 11821-11829, April 13, 2001
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Retrograde Transport of Transcription Factor NF-kappa B in Living Neurons*

Henning WellmannDagger , Barbara Kaltschmidt§, and Christian Kaltschmidt§

From the Institut für Neurobiochemie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Straße 10, D-58448 Witten, Germany

The mechanism by which signals such as those produced by glutamate are transferred to the nucleus may involve direct transport of an activated transcription factor to trigger long-term transcriptional changes. Ionotropic glutamate receptor activation or depolarization activates transcription factor NF-kappa B and leads to translocation of NF-kappa B from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We investigated the dynamics of NF-kappa B translocation in living neurons by tracing the NF-kappa B subunit RelA (p65) with jellyfish green fluorescent protein. We found that green fluorescent protein-RelA was located in either the nucleus or cytoplasm and neurites, depending on the coexpression of the cognate inhibitor of NF-kappa B, Ikappa B-alpha . Stimulation with glutamate, kainate, or potassium chloride resulted in a redistribution of NF-kappa B from neurites to the nucleus. This transport depended on an intact nuclear localization signal on RelA. Thus, in addition to its role as a transcription factor, NF-kappa B may be a signal transducer, transmitting transient glutamatergic signals from distant sites to the nucleus.

* This work was supported in part by the Volkswagen-Stiftung, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the European Community.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger Present address: Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Research Biochemistry, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-2302-669-129; Fax: 49-2032-669-220; E-mail: c.kaltschmidt@uni-wh.de.

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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