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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M100600200 on January 30, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 18, 14642-14648, May 4, 2001
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Association of the Membrane Proximal Regions of the alpha  and beta  Subunit Cytoplasmic Domains Constrains an Integrin in the Inactive State*

Chafen LuDagger , Junichi Takagi, and Timothy A. Springer§

From the Center for Blood Research and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

The adhesiveness of integrins is regulated through a process termed "inside-out" signaling. To understand the molecular mechanism of integrin inside-out signaling, we generated K562 stable cell lines that expressed LFA-1 (alpha Lbeta 2) or Mac-1 (alpha Mbeta 2) with mutations in the cytoplasmic domain. Complete truncation of the beta 2 cytoplasmic domain, but not a truncation that retained the membrane proximal eight residues, resulted in constitutive activation of alpha Lbeta 2 and alpha Mbeta 2, demonstrating the importance of this membrane proximal region in the regulation of integrin adhesive function. Furthermore, replacement of the alpha L and beta 2 cytoplasmic domains with acidic and basic peptides that form an alpha -helical coiled coil caused inactivation of alpha Lbeta 2. Association of these artificial cytoplasmic domains was directly demonstrated. By contrast, replacement of the alpha L and beta 2 cytoplasmic domains with two basic peptides that do not form an alpha -helical coiled coil activated alpha Lbeta 2. Induction of ligand binding by the activating cytoplasmic domain mutations correlated with the induction of activation epitopes in the extracellular domain. Our data demonstrate that cytoplasmic, membrane proximal association between integrin alpha  and beta  subunits, constrains an integrin in the inactive conformation.


* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants CA31798 and CA31799.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger Recipient of a fellowship from the Cancer Research Institute. Present address: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 75 Sidney St., Cambridge, MA 02139.

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel.: 617-278-3200; Fax: 617-278-3232.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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