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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 18, 14642-14648, May 4, 2001
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From the Center for Blood Research and Department of Pathology,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
The adhesiveness of integrins is regulated
through a process termed "inside-out" signaling. To
understand the molecular mechanism of integrin inside-out signaling, we
generated K562 stable cell lines that expressed LFA-1
(
Association of the Membrane Proximal Regions of the
and
Subunit Cytoplasmic Domains Constrains an Integrin in the Inactive
State*
,
L
2) or Mac-1
(
M
2) with mutations in the cytoplasmic
domain. Complete truncation of the
2 cytoplasmic domain,
but not a truncation that retained the membrane proximal eight
residues, resulted in constitutive activation of
L
2 and
M
2,
demonstrating the importance of this membrane proximal region in the
regulation of integrin adhesive function. Furthermore, replacement of
the
L and
2 cytoplasmic domains with
acidic and basic peptides that form an
-helical coiled coil caused
inactivation of
L
2. Association of these
artificial cytoplasmic domains was directly demonstrated. By contrast,
replacement of the
L and
2 cytoplasmic
domains with two basic peptides that do not form an
-helical coiled
coil activated
L
2. Induction of ligand
binding by the activating cytoplasmic domain mutations correlated with the induction of activation epitopes in the extracellular domain. Our data demonstrate that cytoplasmic, membrane proximal
association between integrin
and
subunits, constrains an
integrin in the inactive conformation.
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grants CA31798 and CA31799.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Recipient of a fellowship from the Cancer Research Institute.
Present address: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 75 Sidney St., Cambridge,
MA 02139.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel.: 617-278-3200;
Fax: 617-278-3232.
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