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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M100289200 on February 13, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 18, 15269-15274, May 4, 2001
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Rotation of a Complex of the gamma  Subunit and c Ring of Escherichia coli ATP Synthase
THE ROTOR AND STATOR ARE INTERCHANGEABLE*

Mikio TanabeDagger , Kazuaki NishioDagger , Yuko IkoDagger , Yoshihiro SambongiDagger , Atsuko Iwamoto-Kihara§, Yoh WadaDagger , and Masamitsu FutaiDagger

From the Dagger  Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and the § Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

ATP synthase (F0F1) transforms an electrochemical proton gradient into chemical energy (ATP) through the rotation of a subunit assembly. It has been suggested that a complex of the gamma  subunit and c ring (c10-14) of F0F1 could rotate together during ATP hydrolysis and synthesis (Sambongi, Y., Iko, Y., Tanabe, M., Omote, H., Iwamoto-Kihara, A., Ueda, I., Yanagida, T., Wada, Y., and Futai, M. (1999) Science 286, 1722-1724). We observed that the rotation of the c ring with the cI28T mutation (c subunit cIle-28 replaced by Thr) was less sensitive to venturicidin than that of the wild type, consistent with the antibiotic effect on the cI28T mutant and wild-type ATPase activities (Fillingame, R. H., Oldenburg, M., and Fraga, D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20934-20939). Furthermore, we engineered F0F1 to see the alpha 3beta 3 hexamer rotation; a biotin tag was introduced into the alpha  or beta  subunit, and a His tag was introduced into the c subunit. The engineered enzymes could be purified by metal affinity chromatography and density gradient centrifugation. They were immobilized on a glass surface through the c subunit, and an actin filament was connected to the alpha  or beta  subunit. The filament rotated upon the addition of ATP and generated essentially the same frictional torque as one connected to the c ring. These results indicate that the gamma epsilon c10-14 complex is a mechanical unit of the enzyme and that it can be used as a rotor or a stator experimentally, depending on the subunit immobilized.


* This work was supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Div. of Biological Sciences, ISIR, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan. Tel.: 81-6-6879-8480; Fax: 81-6-6875-5724; E-mail: m-futai@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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