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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 18, 15298-15305, May 4, 2001
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From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of
Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells is induced by
nerve growth factor (NGF) but not by epidermal growth factor (EGF).
This differential response has been explained by the duration of
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation; NGF induces
sustained MAPK activation but EGF leads short-lived activation.
However, precise mechanisms have not yet been understood. Here we
demonstrate the difference between NGF and EGF in regulation of Rac1, a
small GTPase involved in neurite outgrowth, in PC12 cells. NGF
phosphoinositide 3-kinase dependently induces transient
activation of Rac1 and accumulation of active Rac1 at protrusion sites
on the cell surface, inducing filamentous actin-rich protrusions and
subsequent neurite formation in a Rac1-dependent manner. On
the other hand, EGF phosphoinositide 3-kinase independently induces
more transient Rac1 activation but neither accumulates active Rac1 nor
forms Rac1- and filamentous actin-rich protrusions. Difference in the
Rac1 localization between NGF and EGF was also observed with the
localization of exogenously expressed green fluorescent protein-tagged
Rac1. The Rac1-mediated protrusion by NGF is independent of MAPK
cascade, but the subsequent neurite extension requires the cascade.
Thus, the differential activation of Rac1 and localization of active
Rac1 contribute to the difference in the ability of NGF and EGF to
induce neurite outgrowth, and we propose that the MAPK
cascade-independent prompt activation of Rac1 and recruitment of active
Rac1 at the protrusion sites trigger the initiation of neurite formation.
Differential Responses to Nerve Growth Factor and
Epidermal Growth Factor in Neurite Outgrowth of PC12 Cells Are
Determined by Rac1 Activation Systems*
,
,
*
This work was supported in part by Grants-in-aids 10470482, 11780579, 12053244, and 12210078 for Scientific Research from the
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan, the
Uehara Memorial Foundation, and The Naito Foundation.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Contributed equally to the results of this work.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of Molecular
Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. Tel.: 81-75-753-4547; Fax:
81-75-753-7688; E-mail: mnegishi@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
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