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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 19, 15996-16007, May 11, 2001
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From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona,
Biosciences West, Tucson, Arizona 856721-0088
Transcript expression of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae at high salinity was determined by microarray analysis
of 6144 open reading frames (ORFs). From cells grown in 1 M
NaCl for 10, 30, and 90 min, changes in transcript abundance >2-fold
were classified. Salinity-induced ORFs increased over time: 107 (10 min), 243 (30 min), and 354 (90 min). Up-regulated, functionally
unknown ORFs increased from 17 to 149 over this period. Expression
patterns were similar early, with 67% of up-regulated transcripts
after 10 min identical to those at 30 min. The expression profile after 90 min revealed different up-regulated transcripts (identities of 13%
and 22%, respectively). Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism exemplified the earliest responses to salinity, followed by ORFs related to intracellular transport, protein synthesis, and destination. Transcripts related to energy production were up-regulated throughout the time course with respiration-associated transcripts strongly induced at 30 min. Highly expressed at 90 min were known salinity stress-induced genes, detoxification-related responses, transporters of
the major facilitator superfamily, metabolism of energy reserves, nitrogen and sulfur compounds, and lipid, fatty acid/isoprenoid biosynthesis. We chose severe stress conditions to monitor responses in
essential biochemical mechanisms. In the mutant,
Transcript Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at
High Salinity*,
gpd1/gpd2, lacking
glycerol biosynthesis, the stress response was magnified with a
partially different set of up-regulated ORFs.
*
This work was supported by Grant DBI-9813360 from the
National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Initiative.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The on-line version of this article (available at
http://www.jbc.org) contains Tables sI-sIV.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry,
University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St. Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, USA.
Tel.: 520-621-7961; Fax: 520-621-1697; E-mail:
bohnerth@u.arizona.edu.
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