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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M009019200 on October 19, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 2, 1156-1163, January 12, 2001
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Ca2+-induced Phosphoethanolamine Transfer to the Outer 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic Acid Moiety of Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide
A NOVEL MEMBRANE ENZYME DEPENDENT UPON PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE*

Margaret I. KanipesDagger , Shanhua Lin§, Robert J. Cotter§, and Christian R. H. RaetzDagger

From the Dagger  Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and the § Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Certain strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modified with a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) group at position 7 of the outer 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. Using the heptose-deficient E. coli mutant WBB06 (Brabetz, W., Muller-Loennies, S., Holst, O., and Brade, H. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 247, 716-724), we now demonstrate that the critical parameter determining the presence or absence of pEtN is the concentration of CaCl2 in the medium. As judged by mass spectrometry, half the LPS in WBB06, grown on nutrient broth with 5 mM CaCl2, is derivatized with a pEtN group, whereas LPS from WBB06 grown without supplemental CaCl2 is not. Membranes from E. coli WBB06 or wild-type W3110 grown on 5-50 mM CaCl2 contain a novel pEtN transferase that uses the precursor Kdo2-[4'-32P]lipid IVA as an acceptor. Transferase is not present in membranes of E. coli grown with 5 mM MgCl2, BaCl2, or ZnCl2. Hydrolysis of the in vitro reaction product, pEtN-Kdo2-[4'-32P]lipid IVA, at pH 4.5 shows that the pEtN substituent is located on the outer Kdo moiety. Membranes from an E. coli pss knockout mutant grown on 50 mM CaCl2, which lack phosphatidylethanolamine, do not contain measurable transferase activity unless exogenous phosphatidylethanolamine is added back to the assay system. The induction of the pEtN transferase by 5-50 mM CaCl2 suggests possible role(s) in establishing transformation competence or resisting environmental stress, and represents the first example of a regulated covalent modification of the inner core of E. coli LPS.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM-51310 (to C. R. H. R.) and GM-54882 (to R. J. C.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 919-684-5326; Fax: 919-684-8885; E-mail: raetz@biochem.duke.edu.

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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