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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 2, 999-1004, January 12, 2001
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From the Cells differentiate in response to various
extracellular stimuli. This cellular response requires intracellular
signaling pathways. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
cascade is a core signal transduction pathway that determines the fate
of many kinds of cell. MAP kinase kinase kinase activates MAP kinase kinase, which in turn activates MAP kinase. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) was identified as a MAP kinase kinase kinase involved in
the stress-induced apoptosis-signaling cascade that activates the
SEK1-JNK and MKK3/MKK6-p38 MAP kinase cascades. Expression of the
constitutively active form of ASK1 (ASK1-
Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) Is an Intracellular
Inducer of Keratinocyte Differentiation*
§,
,
,
,
,
Department of Dermatology, Ehime University
School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan, ¶ Laboratory of
Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,
Tokyo 113-8519, Japan, the
Department of Dermatology, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R.
China, and the ** Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
N) in keratinocytes induced
significant morphological changes and differentiation markers,
transglutaminase-1, loricrin, and involucrin. A transient increase in
p21Cip1/WAF1 reduced DNA synthesis,
and cell cycle analysis verified the differentiation. p38 MAP kinase
inhibitors, SB202190 and SB203580, abolished the induction of
differentiation markers, transglutaminase-1, loricrin, and involucrin.
In turn, the induction of differentiation with ceramide in
keratinocytes caused an increase in ASK1 expression and activity.
Furthermore, normal human skin expresses ASK1 protein in the upper
epidermis, implicating ASK1 in in vivo keratinocyte differentiation. We propose that the ASK1-p38 MAP kinase
cascade is a new intracellular regulator of keratinocyte differentiation.
*
This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific
research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan and a SHISEIDO Grant for Skin Aging Research.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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