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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 20, 16885-16893, May 18, 2001
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§ INSERM Unit 372, Université de la
Méditerranée, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13276 Marseilles Cedex
09, France, ¶ INSERM Unit 119, Institut Paoli-Calmettes,
Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Lei
Roure, 13009 Marseilles, France, and §§ LCPMI, Free University of
Brussels, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
The virus infectivity factor (Vif) protein
facilitates the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in primary lymphocytes and macrophages. Its action is strongly
dependent on the cellular environment, and it has been proposed that
the Vif protein counteracts cellular activities that would otherwise limit HIV-1 replication. Using a glutathione S-transferase
pull-down assay, we identified that Vif binds specifically to the Src
homology 3 domain of Hck, a tyrosine kinase from the Src family. The
interaction between Vif and the full-length Hck was further assessed by
co-precipitation assays in vitro and in human cells. The
Vif protein repressed the kinase activity of Hck and was not itself a
substrate for Hck phosphorylation. Within one single replication cycle
of HIV-1, Hck was able to inhibit the production and the infectivity of vif-deleted virus but not that of wild-type virus.
Accordingly, HIV-1 vif
The Tyrosine Kinase Hck Is an Inhibitor of HIV-1 Replication
Counteracted by the Viral Vif Protein*

, and
replication was delayed in Jurkat T cell clones stably
expressing Hck. Our data demonstrate that Hck controls negatively HIV-1
replication and that this inhibition is suppressed by the expression of
Vif. Hck, which is present in monocyte-macrophage cells, represents the
first identified cellular inhibitor of HIV-1 replication
overcome by Vif.
*
This work was supported in part by the following French
institutes: INSERM (Dotation Globale INSERM), Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS), and Ensemble contre le Sida
(Sidaction).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
33-4-91-82-75-83; Fax: 33-4-91-82-60-61; E-mail:
rvigne@inserm-u372.univ-mrs.fr.
¶¶
Supported by the Fondation Nationale de la Recherche
Scientifique (Belgium). To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 33-4-91-82-75-83; Fax: 33-4-91-82-60-61; E-mail:
edecroly@ulb.ac.be.
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