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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M008048200 on February 26, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 20, 16952-16959, May 18, 2001
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Regulation of von Willebrand Factor Binding to the Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX by a Membrane Skeleton-dependent Inside-out Signal*

Graham D. EnglundDagger §, Richard J. BodnarDagger §, Zhenyu LiDagger , Zaverio M. Ruggeri, and Xiaoping DuDagger ||

From the Dagger  Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and the  Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and of Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

The platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWF), glycoprotein Ib-IX (GPIb-IX), mediates initial platelet adhesion and activation. We show here that the receptor function of GPIb-IX is regulated intracellularly via its link to the filamin-associated membrane skeleton. Deletion of the filamin binding site in GPIbalpha markedly enhances ristocetin- (or botrocetin)-induced vWF binding and allows GPIb-IX-expressing cells to adhere to immobilized vWF under both static and flow conditions. Cytochalasin D (CD) that depolymerizes actin also enhances vWF binding to wild type GPIb-IX. Thus, vWF binding to GPIb-IX is negatively regulated by the filamin-associated membrane skeleton. In contrast to native vWF, binding of the isolated recombinant vWF A1 domain to wild type and filamin binding-deficient mutants of GPIb-IX is comparable, suggesting that the membrane skeleton-associated GPIb-IX is in a state that prevents access to the A1 domain in macromolecular vWF. In platelets, there is a balance of membrane skeleton-associated and free forms of GPIb-IX. Treatment of platelets with CD increases the free form and enhances vWF binding. CD also reverses the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 on vWF binding to GPIb-IX. Thus, GPIb-IX-dependent platelet adhesion is doubly controlled by vWF conformation and a membrane skeleton-dependent inside-out signal.


* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants HL52547 and HL62350 (to X. D.) and HL31950, HL42846, and HL48728 (to Z. M. R.) and by a grant-in-aid from the American Heart Association.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Both authors contributed equally to this work.

|| An Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612. Tel.: 312-355-0237; Fax: 312-996-1225; E-mail: xdu@uic.edu.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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