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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 20, 17206-17212, May 18, 2001
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From the Serum response factor (SRF) is a MADS box
transcription factor that regulates muscle-specific and growth
factor-inducible genes by binding the consensus sequence
CC(A/T)6GG, known as a CArG box. Because SRF
expression is not restricted solely to muscle, its expression alone
cannot account for the muscle specificity of some of its target genes.
To understand further the role of SRF in muscle-specific transcription,
we created transgenic mice harboring lacZ transgenes linked
to tandem copies of different CArG boxes with flanking sequences. CArG
boxes from the SM22 and skeletal
Muscle Specificity Encoded by Specific
Serum Response Factor-binding Sites*
§,
¶,
, and
Department of Molecular Biology, University
of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148 and
¶ Wayne State University School of Medicine,
Detroit, Michigan 48201
-actin promoters directed highly restricted
expression in developing smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle cells
during early embryogenesis. In contrast, the CArG box and flanking
sequences from the c-fos promoter directed expression
throughout the embryo, with no preference for muscle cells. Systematic
swapping of the core and flanking sequences of the SM22 and
c-fos CArG boxes revealed that cell type specificity was
dictated in large part by sequences immediately flanking the CArG box
core. Sequences that directed widespread embryonic expression bound SRF
more strongly than those that directed muscle-restricted expression. We
conclude that sequence variations among CArG boxes influence cell type
specificity of expression and account, at least in part, for the
ability of SRF to distinguish between growth factor-inducible and
muscle-specific genes in vivo.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and
the American Heart Association. To whom correspondence should be
addressed: Dept. of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148. Tel.: 214-648-1187; Fax: 214-648-1196; E-mail:
eolson@hamon.swmed.edu.
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