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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 21, 17976-17984, May 25, 2001
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From the Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)
binds pro-urokinase plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) and thereby
localizes it near plasminogen, causing the generation of active uPA and plasmin on the cell surface. uPAR and uPA are overexpressed in a
variety of human tumors and tumor cell lines, and expression of uPAR
and uPA is highly correlated to tumor invasion and metastasis. To
exploit these characteristics in the design of tumor cell-selective cytotoxins, we constructed mutated anthrax toxin-protective antigen (PrAg) proteins in which the furin cleavage site is replaced by sequences cleaved specifically by uPA. These uPA-targeted PrAg proteins
were activated selectively on the surface of uPAR-expressing tumor
cells in the presence of pro-uPA and plasminogen. The activated PrAg
proteins caused internalization of a recombinant cytotoxin, FP59,
consisting of anthrax toxin lethal factor residues 1-254 fused to the
ADP-ribosylation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, thereby
killing the uPAR-expressing tumor cells. The activation and
cytotoxicity of these uPA-targeted PrAg proteins were strictly dependent on the integrity of the tumor cell surface-associated plasminogen activation system. We also constructed a mutated PrAg protein that selectively killed tissue plasminogen activator-expressing cells. These mutated PrAg proteins may be useful as new therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
Oral Infection and Immunity Branch and
§ Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, NIDCR, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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