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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 21, 18046-18051, May 25, 2001
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From the Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
The ABCA1 transporter is one of the
limiting steps in cellular cholesterol efflux. To study the expression
and activity of the human ABCA1 gene in vivo we
have examined mice containing two human BAC transgenes with different
5' ends. Mice containing a 255-kilobase (kb) BAC transgene, including
70 kb upstream of the previously defined exon 1, demonstrated a pattern
of tissue-specific expression mimicking that of the endogenous mouse
gene. Compared with macrophages from control mice, macrophages from
these transgenics had increases in apoA-I cholesterol efflux heightened
in response to increases in cell cholesterol content. The observed
increase in macrophage apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux was not
accompanied by alterations in plasma high density lipoprotein in the
transgenics. Although mice containing a smaller 171-kb human BAC
transgene, lacking the previously described exon 1 and
ABCA1 promoter, did not express human ABCA1 in macrophages,
they did express the human transgene in liver at levels comparable with
those of the orthologous mouse gene. Analysis by 5' rapid amplification
of cDNA ends of liver mRNA from these animals revealed a new
ABCA1 exon 1 (exon 1A) and a previously unrecognized promoter. Analysis
of human tissue revealed that exon 1A containing transcripts
accounted for a high proportion of the ABCA1 mRNAs present in
human liver. This analysis of ABCA1 transgenics showed that the
expression of human ABCA1 transgenes can result in increased
cholesterol efflux from macrophages, unaccompanied by changes in plasma
high density lipoprotein, and identified a new ABCA1
promoter in humans.
Regulation and Activity of the Human ABCA1 Gene
in Transgenic Mice*
,
,
*
This work was supported by NHLBI, National Institutes
of Health, Programs for Genomic Applications Grant HL66728-01, the
National Institutes of Health Grant HL63897-01, the Swedish Medical
Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Stiftelse for
postdoctoral fellowships (to L. B. C.), and National Institutes of
Health Grant HL59483-01A2 (to J. K. B.). Research was conducted at
the E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and performed under
Department of Energy Contract DE-AC0376SF00098, University of
California.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Both authors contributed equally to this work.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Genome Sciences Dept.,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd., MS-84-171
Berkeley, CA 94720. Tel.: 510-486-5072; Fax: 510-486-4229; E-mail:
Emrubin@lbl.gov or JFCheng{at}lbl.gov.
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