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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 21, 18513-18518, May 25, 2001
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§,
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From the Heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) is a
transcription factor that regulates heat shock protein gene expression,
but the mechanisms regulating the function of this factor are unclear. Here we report that HSF2 is a substrate for modification by the ubiquitin-related protein SUMO-1 and that HSF2 colocalizes in cells
with SUMO-1 in nuclear granules. Staining with anti-promyelocytic leukemia antibodies indicates that these HSF2-containing nuclear granules are PML bodies. Our results identify lysine 82 as the major
site of SUMO-1 modification in HSF2, which is located in a "wing"
within the DNA-binding domain of this protein. Interestingly, SUMO-1
modification of HSF2 results in conversion of this factor to the active
DNA binding form. This is the first demonstration that SUMO-1
modification can directly alter the DNA binding ability of a
transcription factor and reveals a new mechanism by which SUMO-1
modification can regulate protein function.
Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biochemistry and
Department of Physiology, Chandler
Medical Center, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky 405036-0298, and the ¶ Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Hygiene and Public
Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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