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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 23, 19706-19714, June 8, 2001
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From the Yersinia enterocolitica
induces apoptosis in macrophages by injecting the plasmid-encoded YopP
(YopJ in other Yersinia species). Recently it was reported
that YopP/J is a member of an ubiquitin-like protein cysteine protease
family and that the catalytic core of YopP/J is required for its
inhibition of the MAPK and NF-
Yersinia enterocolitica YopP-induced Apoptosis of
Macrophages Involves the Apoptotic Signaling Cascade Upstream of
Bid*
§,
§
,
¶¶,
,
**,

Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Christian de
Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology, Université catholique de
Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, B-1200 Brussels and the
¶ Department of Molecular Biology, Flanders Interuniversitary
Institute for Biotechnology and University of Ghent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
B pathways. Here we analyzed the
YopP/J-induced apoptotic signaling pathway. YopP-mediated cell death
could be inhibited by addition of the zVAD caspase inhibitor,
but not by DEVD or YVAD. Generation of truncated Bid (tBid) was the
first apoptosis-related event that we observed. The subsequent
translocation of tBid to the mitochondria induced the release of
cytochrome c, leading to the activation of procaspase-9 and
the executioner procaspases-3 and -7. Inhibition of the
postmitochondrial executioner caspases-3 and -7 did not affect Bid
cleavage. Bid cleavage could not be observed in a
yopP-deficient Y. enterocolitica strain,
showing that this event requires YopP. Disruption of the catalytic core
of YopP abolished the rapid generation of tBid, thereby hampering
induction of apoptosis by Y. enterocolitica. This finding
supports the idea that YopP/J induces apoptosis by directly acting on
cell death pathways, rather than being the mere consequence of gene
induction inhibition in combination with microbial stimulation of the macrophage.
*
This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la
Recherche Scientifique Médicale (convention 3.4595.97), the
Direction Générale de la Recherche
Scientifique-Communauté Française de Belgique (Action de
Recherche Concertée 99/04-236), the Interuniversitaire Attractiepolen (number P4/26), European Community-Research Technology and Development Grant QLRT-199-00739, and the Fonds voor
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (number 3G000601). C. G. was a
recipient of a Marie-Curie fellowship from the European Union (contract ERBFMBICT972047).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Present address: Division of Cell Biology, Cancer Inst.,
Plesmanstraat 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
**
Present address: Laboratoire de Bacteriologie Moléculaire,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de lennik 808, CP614, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
¶¶
Present address: UMR1582, Institut Gustave Roussy,
94805 Villejuif, France.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
32-2-764-7449; Fax: 32-2-764-7498; E-mail:
cornelis@mipa.ucl.ac.be.
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