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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 23, 20523-20528, June 8, 2001
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§,
,
,
§§
From the The mechanisms by which synchronized embryonic
development to the blastocyst stage, preparation of the uterus for the
receptive state, and reciprocal embryo-uterine interactions for
implantation are coordinated are still unclear. We show in this study
that preimplantation embryo development became asynchronous in mice that are deficient in brain-type (CB1) and/or spleen-type
(CB2) cannabinoid receptor genes. Furthermore,
whereas the levels of uterine anandamide (endocannabinoid) and
blastocyst CB1 are coordinately down-regulated with the onset of
uterine receptivity and blastocyst activation prior to implantation,
these levels remained high in the nonreceptive uterus and in dormant
blastocysts during delayed implantation and in pregnant, leukemia
inhibitory factor (LIF)-deficient mice with implantation
failure. These results suggest that a tight regulation of
endocannabinoid signaling is important for synchronizing embryo
development with uterine receptivity for implantation. Indeed this is
consistent with our finding that while an experimentally induced,
sustained level of an exogenously administered, natural cannabinoid
inhibited implantation in wild-type mice, it failed to do so in
CB1
Department of Pediatrics and the
§ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ralph
L. Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas
City, Kansas 66160-7338, the ¶ Hormel Institute, University of
Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, the
Laboratory of Genetics,
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the
** Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic of Psychiatry,
University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
/
/CB2
/
double mutant mice. The present study is clinically important because
of the widely debated medicinal use of cannabinoids and their reported
adverse effects on pregnancy.

NICHD/National Institutes of Health Method to Extend Research
in Time (MERIT) awardee.
§§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular
and Integrative Physiology, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS
66160-7338. Tel.: 913-588-6213; Fax: 913-588-5677; E-mail: sdey@kumc.edu.
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