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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 24, 20866-20875, June 15, 2001
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E Regulon*
,
From the Escherichia coli responds to
the accumulation of misfolded proteins by inducing the transcription of
heat shock genes. E Departement de Biochimie Médicale,
Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genève, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, and the
§ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular
Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
E RNA polymerase controls one of the
two heat shock regulons of E. coli. This regulon is
activated upon accumulation of misfolded polypeptides in the double
membrane envelope of E. coli. E (RpoE) is a
member of the extracytoplasmic function subfamily of sigma factors.
Here we asked how many genes are activated by EE RNA
polymerase and what is the identity of these genes. Using two
independent genetic approaches, 20 E. coli promoters were identified which activate reporter gene transcription in a
E-dependent manner. In all cases examined, a
canonical E binding site could be revealed upon mapping
transcriptional start sites. 10 identified promoters activated the
transcription of previously identified genes with four genes acting
directly on the folding of E. coli envelope proteins
(dsbC, fkpA, skp, and surA). The remaining promoters transcribed genes that are
presumed to encode hitherto unknown extracytoplasmic functions and were named ecf (ecfA-ecfM). Two of
these ecf genes were found to be essential for E. coli growth.
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