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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 24, 21797-21808, June 15, 2001
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From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of
Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0650
Heterodimeric transcription regulatory proteins
can bind to palindromic recognition elements in two opposite
orientations. We have developed a gel-based fluorescence resonance
energy transfer assay for quantifying heterodimer orientation
preferences. Fos-Jun heterodimers bind in opposite orientations to AP-1
sites with different flanking sequences. The effects of individual
amino acid and base pair substitutions on heterodimer binding
orientation were quantified. Base pairs at positions ±6 and ±10
relative to the center of the AP-1 site were the principal determinants
of Fos-Jun binding orientation. Amino acid residues of opposite charge adjacent to the basic regions of Fos and Jun had independent effects on
heterodimer orientation. Exchange of these amino acid residues between
the basic region-leucine zipper domains of Fos and Jun reversed the
binding orientation. Heterodimers formed by full-length Fos and Jun
exhibited the same changes in binding orientation in response to amino
acid and base pair substitutions. The preferred orientation of
heterodimer binding affected the stability of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 complexes
at composite regulatory elements. Changes in heterodimer orientation
preference altered the transcriptional activity and the promoter
selectivity of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 complexes. Consequently, the orientation
of Fos-Jun binding can influence transcriptional activity by altering
cooperative interactions with other transcription regulatory proteins.
Control of the Orientation of Fos-Jun Binding and
the Transcriptional Cooperativity of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 Complexes*
and
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Supported by a Rackham Merit Fellowship.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 734-615-1703;
Fax: 734-615-3397; E-mail: kerppola@umich.edu; URL, www.umich. edu/~hhmi/.
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