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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 26, 24268-24273, June 29, 2001
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From the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030
Inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) is
responsible for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from
L-arginine in response to inflammatory mediators. To
determine the degradation pathway of iNOS, human epithelial
kidney HEK293 cells with stable expression of human iNOS were incubated
in the presence of various degradation pathway inhibitors. Treatment
with the proteasomal inhibitors lactacystin, MG132, and
N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norleucinal
resulted in the accumulation of iNOS, indicating that these inhibitors blocked its degradation. Moreover, proteasomal inhibition
blocked iNOS degradation in a dose- and time-dependent
manner as well as when NO synthesis was inhibited by
N
Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Is Regulated by the Proteasome
Degradation Pathway*
-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
Furthermore, proteasomal inhibition blocked the degradation of an iNOS
splice variant that lacked the capacity to dimerize and of an iNOS
mutant that lacks L-arginine binding ability, suggesting
that iNOS is targeted by proteasomes, notwithstanding its capacity to
produce NO, dimerize, or bind the substrate. In contrast to proteasomal
inhibitors, the calpain inhibitor calpastatin and the lysosomal
inhibitors
trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-4-guanidino butane, leupeptin, pepstatin-A, chloroquine, and NH4Cl did
not lead to significant accumulation of iNOS. Interestingly, when cytokines were used to induce iNOS in RT4 human epithelial cells, the
effect of proteasomal inhibition was dichotomous. Lactacystin added
prior to cytokine stimulation prevented iNOS induction by blocking the
degradation of the NF-
B inhibitor I
B-
, thus preventing activation of NF-
B. In contrast, lactacystin added 48 h after iNOS induction led to the accumulation of iNOS. Similarly, in murine
macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, lactacystin blocked iNOS degradation
when added 48 h after iNOS induction by lipopolysaccharide. These
data identify the proteasome as the primary degradation pathway for
iNOS.
*
This work was supported by the American Lung Association,
the Caroline Wiess Law Fund for Molecular Medicine, the Methodist Foundation, and a T. T. Chao scholar award.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Baylor College of
Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, FBRN-B567, Houston, TX 77030. Tel.: 713-790-5310; Fax: 713-793-1445; E-mail: teissa@bcm.tmc.edu.
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