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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 27, 24843-24854, July 6, 2001
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From the Interferons (IFNs) and retinoids are potent
biological response modifiers. The IFN-
Regulation of Interferon and Retinoic Acid-induced Cell Death
Activation through Thioredoxin Reductase*
,
,
,
§,
,
,
¶,
, and
**
Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program,
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
Department of Environmental Sciences, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
and
all-trans-retinoic acid combination, but not these single
agents individually, induces death in several tumor cell lines.
To elucidate the molecular basis for these actions, we have employed an
antisense knockout approach to identify the gene products that mediate
cell death and isolated several genes associated with
retinoid-IFN-induced mortality (GRIMs). One of the GRIM
cDNAs, GRIM-12, was identical to human thioredoxin reductase (TR).
To define the functional relevance of TR to cell death and to define
its mechanism of death-modulating functions, we generated mutants of TR
and studied their influence on the IFN/RA-induced death regulatory
functions of caspases. Wild-type TR activates cell death that was
inhibited in the presence of caspase inhibitors or catalytically
inactive caspases. A mutant TR, lacking the active site cysteines,
inhibits the cell death induced by caspase 8. IFN/all-trans-retinoic acid-induced cytochrome
c release from the mitochondrion was promoted in the
presence of wild type and was inhibited in the presence of mutant TR.
We find that TR modulates the activity of caspase 8 to promote death.
This effect is in part caused by the stimulation of death receptor gene
expression. These studies identify a new mechanism of cell death
regulation by the IFN/all-trans-retinoic acid combination
involving redox enzymes.
*
This work was supported by National Cancer Institute
Grants CA 78282 and CA 71401 (to D. V. K.). S. P. M. R. is
supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HL-58122.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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