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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M100380200 on April 30, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 27, 24843-24854, July 6, 2001
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Regulation of Interferon and Retinoic Acid-induced Cell Death Activation through Thioredoxin Reductase*

Xinrong MaDagger , Sreenivasu KarraDagger , Wei GuoDagger , Daniel J. LindnerDagger §, Jiadi HuDagger , Jon E. AngellDagger , Edward R. HofmannDagger , Sekhar P. M. ReddyDagger ||, and Dhananjaya V. KalvakolanuDagger **

From the Dagger  Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and || Department of Environmental Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

Interferons (IFNs) and retinoids are potent biological response modifiers. The IFN-beta and all-trans-retinoic acid combination, but not these single agents individually, induces death in several tumor cell lines. To elucidate the molecular basis for these actions, we have employed an antisense knockout approach to identify the gene products that mediate cell death and isolated several genes associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality (GRIMs). One of the GRIM cDNAs, GRIM-12, was identical to human thioredoxin reductase (TR). To define the functional relevance of TR to cell death and to define its mechanism of death-modulating functions, we generated mutants of TR and studied their influence on the IFN/RA-induced death regulatory functions of caspases. Wild-type TR activates cell death that was inhibited in the presence of caspase inhibitors or catalytically inactive caspases. A mutant TR, lacking the active site cysteines, inhibits the cell death induced by caspase 8. IFN/all-trans-retinoic acid-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion was promoted in the presence of wild type and was inhibited in the presence of mutant TR. We find that TR modulates the activity of caspase 8 to promote death. This effect is in part caused by the stimulation of death receptor gene expression. These studies identify a new mechanism of cell death regulation by the IFN/all-trans-retinoic acid combination involving redox enzymes.


* This work was supported by National Cancer Institute Grants CA 78282 and CA 71401 (to D. V. K.). S. P. M. R. is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HL-58122.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Present address: Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.

Present address: The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724.

** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 410-328-1396; Fax: 410-328-1397; E-mail: dkalvako@umaryland.edu.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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