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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 27, 25096-25100, July 6, 2001
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,
From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, the
Leptin, a circulating hormone
secreted mainly from adipose tissues, is involved in the control of
body weight. The plasma concentrations are correlated with body
mass index, and are reported to be high in patients with insulin
resistance, which is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular
disease. However, the direct effect of leptin on vascular wall cells is
not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of
leptin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and expression of
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in bovine aortic endothelial
cells (BAEC). We found that leptin increases ROS generation in BAEC in
a dose-dependent manner and that its effects are additive
with those of glucose. Rotenone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA),
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), Mn(III)tetrakis
(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)
HVJ-liposomes, or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) HVJ-liposomes
completely prevented the effect of leptin, suggesting that ROS arise
from mitochondrial electron transport. Leptin increased fatty acid
oxidation by stimulating the activity of carnitine
palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and inhibiting that of acetyl-CoA
carboxylase (ACC), pace-setting enzymes for fatty acid oxidation and
synthesis, respectively. Leptin-induced ROS generation, CPT-1
activation, ACC inhibition, and MCP-1 overproduction were found to be
completely prevented by either genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,
H-89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, or tetradecylglycidate, a
CPT-1 inhibitor. Leptin activated PKA, and the effects of leptin were
inhibited by the cAMP antagonist Rp-cAMPS. These results suggest
that leptin induces ROS generation by increasing fatty acid oxidation
via PKA activation, which may play an important role in the progression
of atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant obese diabetic patients.
Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University School
of Medicine, Suita, 505 0871 Japan, and the § Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense
University, Madrid, 28040 Spain
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