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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 28, 26114-26121, July 13, 2001
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From the Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of
Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61802
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) has been
identified and measured in different stages of Trypanosoma
cruzi. Millimolar levels (in terms of Pi
residues) in chains of less than 50 residues long, and micromolar
levels in chains of about 700-800 residues long, were found in
different stages of T. cruzi. Analysis of purified T. cruzi acidocalcisomes indicated that polyPs were preferentially located in these organelles. This was confirmed by visualization of
polyPs in the acidocalcisomes using
4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. A rapid increase (within 2-4 h)
in the levels of short and long chain polyPs was detected during
trypomastigote to amastigote differentiation and during the lag phase
of growth of epimastigotes (within 12-24 h). Levels rapidly decreased
after the epimastigotes resumed growth. Short and long chain polyP
levels rapidly decreased upon exposure of epimastigotes to hypo-osmotic
or alkaline stresses, whereas levels increased after hyperosmotic
stress. Ca2+ release from acidocalcisomes by a combination
of ionophores (ionomycin and nigericin) was associated with the
hydrolysis of short and long chain polyPs. In agreement with these
results, acidocalcisomes were shown to contain polyphosphate kinase and
exopolyphosphatase activities. Together, these results suggest a
critical role for these organelles in the adaptation of the parasite to
environmental changes.
Rapid Changes in Polyphosphate Content within Acidocalcisomes in
Response to Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Environmental Stress in
Trypanosoma cruzi*
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant AI-23259 (to R. D.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of
Molecular Parasitology, Dept. of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln
Ave., Urbana, IL 61802. Tel.: 217-333-3845; Fax: 217-244-7421; E-mail:
rodoc@uiuc.edu.
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