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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 29, 27071-27076, July 20, 2001
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From the Departments of Estrogen causes rapid endothelial nitric oxide
(NO) production because of the activation of plasma membrane-associated
estrogen receptors (ER) coupled to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). In
the present study, we determined the role of G proteins in eNOS
activation by estrogen. Estradiol-17
Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors Are Coupled to
Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase through G
i*
,
,
,
,
Pediatrics and
¶ Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, Texas 75390 and the § Molecular Cardiology Research
Institute, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
(E2,
10
8 M) and acetylcholine
(10
5 M) caused comparable
increases in NOS activity (15 min) in intact endothelial cells that
were fully blocked by pertussis toxin (Ptox). In addition,
exogenous guanosine 5'-O-(2- thiodiphosphate)
inhibited E2-mediated eNOS stimulation in isolated
endothelial plasma membranes, and Ptox prevented enzyme activation by
E2 in COS-7 cells expressing ER
and eNOS.
Coimmunoprecipitation studies of plasma membranes from COS-7 cells
transfected with ER
and specific G
proteins demonstrated
E2-stimulated interaction between ER
and
G
i but not between ER
and either G
q or
G
s; the observed ER
-G
i interaction was
blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 and by Ptox.
E2-stimulated ER
-G
i interaction was also
demonstrable in endothelial cell plasma membranes. Cotransfection of
G
i into COS-7 cells expressing ER
and eNOS yielded a
3-fold increase in E2-mediated eNOS stimulation, whereas
cotransfection with a protein regulator of G protein signaling, RGS4, inhibited the E2 response. These findings indicate
that eNOS stimulation by E2 requires plasma membrane ER
coupling to G
i and that activated G
i
mediates the requisite downstream signaling events. Thus, novel G
protein coupling enables a subpopulation of ER
to initiate signal
transduction at the cell surface. Similar mechanisms may underly the
nongenomic actions of other steroid hormones.
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grants HL58888, HL53546, and HD30276 (to P. W. S.), GM50515 (to
S. M. M.), and HL56069 and HL59953 (to M. E. M). The project was supported in part by the Lowe Foundation.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
214-648-2015; Fax: 214-648-2481; E-mail:
pshaul@mednet.swmed.edu.
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