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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M008885200 on April 2, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 30, 27855-27863, July 27, 2001
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The Triple Threat to Nascent Apolipoprotein B
EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE, DISTINCT DEGRADATIVE PATHWAYS*

Edward A. FisherDagger §, Meihui PanDagger , Xiaoli ChenDagger , Xinye WuDagger , Hongxing WangDagger , Haris Jamil||, Janet D. Sparks**, and Kevin Jon WilliamsDagger Dagger §§

From the Dagger  Laboratory of Lipoprotein Research, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, the || Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, the ** Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, and the Dagger Dagger  Dorrance H. Hamilton Research Laboratories, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

We previously showed that Omega -3 fatty acids reduce secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB) from cultured hepatocytes by stimulating post-translational degradation. In this report, we now characterize this process, particularly in regard to the two known processes that degrade newly synthesized apoB, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation and re-uptake from the cell surface. First, we found that Omega -3-induced degradation preferentially reduces the secretion of large, assembled apoB-lipoprotein particles, and apoB polypeptide length is not a determinant. Second, based on several experimental approaches, ER-associated degradation is not involved. Third, re-uptake, the only process known to destroy fully assembled nascent lipoproteins, was clearly active in primary hepatocytes, but Omega -3-induced degradation of apoB continued even when re-uptake was blocked. Cell fractionation showed that Omega -3 fatty acids induced a striking loss of apoB100 from the Golgi, while sparing apoB100 in the ER, indicating a post-ER process. To determine the signaling involved, we used wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, which blocked most, if not all, of the Omega -3 fatty acid effect. Therefore, nascent apoB is subject to ER-associated degradation, re-uptake, and a third distinct degradative pathway that appears to target lipoproteins after considerable assembly and involves a post-ER compartment and PI3K signaling. Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic regulation of net apoB secretion may involve alterations in any of these three degradative steps.


* These studies were supported in part by National Institutes of Health Research Grants DK50376 (to J. D. S.), HL58541 and HL22263 (to E. A. F.), and HL58884 and HL38956 (to K. J. W.) and by the American Heart Association (Heritage Affiliate) (to E. A. F.). Portions of this work were presented at the 72nd Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, November, 1999 (1).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Received salary support from National Institutes of Health Training Grant T32-HL07824.

§§ Received an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association. To whom correspondence may be addressed: Dept. of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Tel.: 215-503-1272; Fax: 215-923-7932; E-mail: K_Williams@ac.jci.tju.edu.

§ To whom correspondence may be addressed: Box 1269, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. Tel.: 212-241-7152; Fax: 212-828-4178; E-mail: edward.fisher@mssm.edu.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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