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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M011610200 on May 31, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 31, 28857-28865, August 3, 2001
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Human Bile Salt Export Pump Promoter Is Transactivated by the Farnesoid X Receptor/Bile Acid Receptor*

M. AnanthanarayananDagger §, N. BalasubramanianDagger , Makoto Makishima, David J. Mangelsdorf||, and Frederick J. SuchyDagger

From the Dagger  Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029 and  Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390

The bile salt excretory pump (BSEP, ABCb11) is critical for ATP-dependent transport of bile acids across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and for generation of bile acid-dependent bile secretion. Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of this transporter is sensitive to the flux of bile acids through the hepatocyte, possibly at the level of transcription of the BSEP gene. To determine the mechanisms underlying the regulation of BSEP by bile acids, the promoter of the BSEP gene was cloned. The sequence of the promoter contained an inverted repeat (IR)-1 element (5'-GGGACA T TGATCCT-3') at base pairs -63/-50 consisting of two nuclear receptor half-sites organized as an inverted repeat and separated by a single nucleotide. This IR-1 element has been shown in several recent studies to serve as a binding site for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor for bile acids. FXR activity requires heterodimerization with RXRalpha , and when bound by bile acids, the complex effectively regulates the transcription of several genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated specific binding of FXR/RXRalpha heterodimers to the IR-1 element in the BSEP promoter. In HepG2 cells, co-transfection of FXR and RXRalpha is required to attain full transactivation of the BSEP promoter by bile acids. Two FXR transactivation-deficient mutants (an AF-2 deletion and a W469A point mutant) failed to transactivate, indicating that the effect of bile acids is FXR-dependent. Further, mutational analysis confirms that the FXR/RXRalpha heterodimer activates transcription through the IR-1 site in the human BSEP promoter. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which bile acids transcriptionally regulate the activity of the bile salt excretory pump, a critical component involved in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HD20632 (to F. J. S and M. A.) and grants from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Robert A. Welch Foundation (to D. J. M.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Pl., New York, NY 10029. Tel.: 212-241-3029; Fax: 212-426-1972; E-mail: meena_ananth@mssm.edu.

|| An Associate Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


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Farnesoid X Receptor Activates Transcription of the Phospholipid Pump MDR3
J. Biol. Chem., December 19, 2003; 278(51): 51085 - 51090.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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